4.3 Nonexperimental Method

Question 0

Because the non-experimental method allows us to observe covariation between variables, another term that is frequently used to describe this procedure is the ____ method.

Answer 0

correlational

Question 1

Using the non-experimental method, the researcher would devise operational definitions to measure ____ variables.

Answer 1

both

Question 2

In the correlational method, we examine whether the variables correlate or vary ____.

Answer 2

together

Question 3

The non-experimental method is not ideal when asking questions about ____ and ____.

Answer 3

cause and effect

Question 4

Problem one. It can be difficult to determine the ___ of cause and effect. E.g. What causes what.

Answer 4

direction

Question 5

____ ____ is determining which variable caused the other. Which one came first?

Answer 5

Temporal precedence

Question 7

When we actually know an uncontrolled third variable is operating, we call the third variable a ____ ____.

Answer 7

confounding variable

Question 8

Problem two. Researchers face the ____-____ problem – that is, extraneous variables may be causing an observed relationship.

Answer 8

third-variable