9.1 Transport systems in dicotyledonous plants Flashcards

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1
Q

How much pressure is in the phloem?

A

2000kPa

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2
Q

What is the first reason for why multicellular plants need transport systems? Elaborate on it

A

Metabolic demands

  • Internal and underground parts of plants can’t photosynthesise so need oxygen and glucose transported to them and waste products of cell metabolism to be removed
  • Hormones made in one part of a plant need transporting to areas where they have an effect
  • Mineral ions absorbed by roots need to be transported to all cells to make the proteins required for enzymes and the cell’s structure
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3
Q

What are perennials?

A

Plants that live a long time and reproduce every year

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4
Q

What are the two largest trees in the world?

A

USA: Coastal + giant redwood - 115m tall
Australia: Mountain ash - 114m tall

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5
Q

What is the second reason for why multicellular plants need transport systems? Elaborate on it

A

Size

  • Some plants are small but because plants grow throughout their lives, many perennials are very large
  • This means plants need effective transport systems to move substances up and down from the tip of roots to the upper leaves and stems
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6
Q

What is the third reason for why multicellular plants need transport systems? Elaborate on it

A

Surface area:volume ratio (SA:V)

  • Leaves are adapted to have a large SA:V ratio for gas exchange
  • When stems, trunks and roots are taken into account, they have a small SA:V ratio - this means they can’t rely on diffusion alone to supply the cells with everything they need
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7
Q

What are dicotyledonous plants?

A

Make seeds that contain two cotyledons

Cotyledons - organs that act as food stores for the developing embryo plant and form the first leaves when the seed germinates

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8
Q

What are herbaceous dicots?

A

Have soft tissues and a short life cycle

Stems and leaves die down to the soil level at the end of the growing season

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9
Q

What are woody dicots?

A

Have hard, lignified tissues and a long life cycle

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10
Q

What is the vascular system? What are the 2 types?

A
  1. A series of transport vessels running through the stem, roots and leaves
  2. Xylem, Phloem
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11
Q

How are transport tissues arranged?

A

In vascular bundles in leaves, stems and roots of herbaceous dicots

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12
Q

*Page 195

A

*Refer to table 1

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13
Q

What is the xylem?

A

Non-living tissue

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14
Q

What are the 2 functions of the xylem?

A
  1. Transport of water and mineral ions

2. Support for plant

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15
Q

What direction is the flow of materials in the xylem?

A

Up from the roots to shoots and leaves

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16
Q

What are xylem vessels?

A

Long, hollow structures made by several columns of cells fusing together end to end

17
Q

What are the 2 other tissues associated with the xylem?

A
  1. Thick-walled xylem parenchyma

2. Xylem fibres

18
Q

What are thick-walled xylem parenchyma?

A
  • Packs around xylem vessels, storing food and containing tannin deposits
  • Tannin is a bitter, astringent-tasting chemical that protects plant tissues from attack by herbivores
19
Q

What are xylem fibres?

A

Long cells with lignified secondary walls that provide extra mechanical strength but don’t transport water
-Lignin can be laid down the walls of the xylem vessels in many ways

20
Q

How can lignin be laid down in the walls of the xylem vessels?

A

Can form rings, spirals or solid tubes with small, unlignified areas called bordered pits - this is where water leaves the xylem and moves into other cells of the plant