9.1 bio

Question 1

EXTRA

Answer 1

DNA to RNA
- Transcription in the Nucleus
RNA to protein
- translation in the ribosome

Question 2

cell structures

Answer 2

VESICLES
- small containers carry materials between cell compartments and out of the cell
CELL MEMBRANE
barrier outside of cell, controls what goes in+out + helps cell communication
NUCLEUS
- stores DNA, location of transport.
CYTOSKELETON
- Fibers give cell shape and structure, keeps organelles in place and aids in cell movement
MITOCHONDRIA
- Kidney shaped w 2 layers of membrane, break down molecules to get energy for cell in form of ATP
RIBOSOMES
-Small structures w/o membrane, translate mRNA to make proteins
ER
-Smooth portions of organelle where lipids and hormones are made
-Rough portion has ribosomes that make proteins
GOLGI APPARATUS
-Gets packages of proteins from ER and moves them through a series of stackes compartments. Add tags to protein base on where they need to go in cell.
LYSOSOME
- small compartments filled w digestive enzymes. Breaks down unneeded proteins and damages cell parts for recycling

Question 3

Get rid of waste

Answer 3

ALL
- small waste goes out via Cell membrane
ANIMAL
- large waste goes to lysosomes
PLANT
- large waste goes to vacuole
BACTERIA
- large waste goes to cytoplasm

Question 4

set of instructions

Answer 4

ALL
-genes are instruction for building molecules that do all work for cells.
- A complicated system for passing genetic instruction
EUKARYOTE
- DNA is in Nucleus
PROKARYOTIC
- no nucleus; DNA is free floating

Question 5

Read instructions

Answer 5

ALL
-proteins work and genes are instruction, red genes make copies, and join ribosomes decodes and then makes proteins
EUKARYOTE
-All of that above but then goes from ER to Gogli to the correct place
PROKARYOTIC
- bacteria doesn’t go to ER or Golgi, straight to the correct place

Question 6

Container

Answer 6

ALL
- have cell membrane
-protein controls what goes in and out.
PLANT
- have a cell wall
EUKARYOTIC
- has organelles(internal container w specialized conditions )
BACTERIA
- sometimes has 2 cell membranes

Question 7

way to get energy

Answer 7

ALL
- Energy is ATP
- enzymes connect fuel to ATP (cellular respiration)
BACTERIA
- doesn’t have a mitochondria
PLANTS+SOME BACTERIA
-photosynthesis and chloroplasts

Question 8

Explain why some cells would have more of one type of organelle than other cells

Answer 8

Some cells need more protein, and some EX. the liver needs more smooth ER, because it needs to detoxify bad substances