10.3 bio

Question 1

meiosis

Answer 1

cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Question 2

Fertilization

Answer 2

the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote

Question 3

Gamete

Answer 3

a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Question 4

Somatic cell

Answer 4

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

Question 5

Haploid (n)

Answer 5

a cell or organism that has a single set of chromosomes, or half the total number of chromosomes found in a diploid (2n) cell or organism.

Question 6

Diploid (2n)

Answer 6

cells or organisms that possess two complete sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.

Question 7

Tetrad

Answer 7

group or set of four.

Question 8

Synapsis

Answer 8

the fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis.

Question 9

The order and events of the stages of meiosis

Answer 9

Meiosis I:
Prophase I: During this time, chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over
Metaphase I: Homologous chromosome pairs line up at the cell’s equator.
Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase I: The nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the cell divides into two daughter cells, each with a haploid number of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.
Meiosis II:
Prophase II: If there was interphase after Meiosis I, this phase would be a short one, with chromosomes condensing again if they were not already.
Metaphase II: Sister chromatids line up at the cell’s equator.
Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles.
Telophase II: Nuclear membrane reforms around each set of sister chromatids, and the cell divides into two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, resulting in a total of four haploid daughter cells.

Question 10

Sources of genetic variation

Answer 10

crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 11

Compare/contrast asexual and sexual reproduction

Answer 11

Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction requires two parents and results in offspring with unique genetic combinations.