7.2 bio Flashcards
Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by _________ the amount of activation energy needed to start chemical reactions.
lowering
hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by reaction with water.
dehydration synthesis
a type of chemical reaction that involves the combining of reacting molecules to make a large molecule, following the loss of water.
denaturation
the unfolding or breaking up of a protein, modifying its standard three-dimensional structure.
enzyme
Cut and join the molecules of life
substrate
Surface in which an organism lives or the substance on which an enzyme can act.
active site
substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction
activation energy
Minimum energy required for a reaction to occur
Properties of enzymes
reaction specific- each enzyme= specific substrate
not consumed in reactant- single enzyme= lots of reactants
Make of protein (sometimes RNA)
Affected by cellular conditions- denatured by certain temps or concentrations of ions (pH, salinity)
relationship between reaction rate and substrate concentration
the reaction goes until enzymes are saturated, and they produce 1 enzyme at a time.
relationship between reaction rate and enzyme concentration
Low concentration= few collisions
high concentration= more collisions
the more enzymes the more reactions
stabilizes b/c it would get too busy
relationship between reaction rate and temperature
higher the temp, the faster the molecules are moving= more successful collisions
temps go down from breaking hydrogen bonds and denaturing from too high of temps.
Different enzymes function in different organisms in different environments.
Normally 37 Celsius is the max
relationship between reaction rate and pH
If the pH gets too high or low the enzyme will denature/ not function, or it will not produce anymore.
How would you maximize enzyme activity
Maintaining/changing the active site to fit the substrate
A coenzyme speed up enzyme activity, because it directly binds to the enzyme to increase activity.
How would you minimize enzyme activity
When the competitive inhibitor binds to the active site the substrate can no longer bind.
Compare and contrast inhibition and activation of enzymes
Molecules that increase the activity of an enzyme are called activators, while molecules that decrease the activity of an enzyme are called inhibitors.
