3.2 bio

Question 1

ecological succession

Answer 1

he process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time

Question 2

primary succession

Answer 2

Primary succession is the beginning step of ecological succession where species known as pioneer species colonize an uninhabited site,

Question 3

secondary succession

Answer 3

happens when a climax community or intermediate community is impacted by a disturbance

Question 4

pioneer species

Answer 4

species that are the first to colonize newly created environments or recently disturbed environments during the processes of primary succession and secondary succession

Question 5

seral stage

Answer 5

A seral community is an intermediate stage found in ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards its climax community

Question 6

climax community

Answer 6

An ecological community in which populations of plants or animals remain stable and exist in balance with each other and their environment

Question 7

species richness

Answer 7

Species richness, the count, or total number, of unique species within a given biological community, ecosystem, biome, or other defined area.

Question 8

species evenness

Answer 8

Species evenness describes the commonness or rarity of a species; it requires knowing the abundance of each species relative to those of the other species within the community.

Question 9

genetic diversity

Answer 9

the range of different inherited traits within a species.

Question 10

ecological diversity

Answer 10

variations in ecosystems within a geographical location

Question 11

keystone species

Answer 11

organism that helps define an entire ecosystem

Question 12

invasive species

Answer 12

animals or plants from another region of the world that don’t belong in their new environment.

Question 13

Important differences between primary and secondary succession

Answer 13

Primary succession occurs in areas where there was no previous soil or vegetation, while secondary succession occurs in areas where there was previous soil and vegetation.

Question 14

How keystone species and invasive species affect biodiversity

Answer 14

Keystone species maintain biodiversity; their removal can greatly alter the dynamics within the community. Invasive species are non-native organisms introduced into an area that may be better competitors and reproduce faster than native species; they tend to upset the natural balance

Question 15

how to Calculate the Shannon-Wiener Index value for a community

Answer 15

taking the sum of Pi * ln(Pi) for each species

Question 16

Give examples of primary and secondary succession

Answer 16

Primary succession occurs when new land is formed after volcanic eruption or when new sand is deposited in lakeshores. Secondary succession happens after forest wildfires, regrowth after a hurricane, or renewal after a plant disease.