9.1 Flashcards
What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Eukaryotic cells have nuclei, mitochondria, the ability to do specialized tasks, and are found in multicellular things. Prokaryotic cells are simpler, more efficient with energy and resources, and are faster to reproduce.
What are the similarities and differences in the structures of plant, animal, and bacterial cells?
Some similarities between all cells are: larger molecules leaving and entering the cell through proteins, getting all their energy from ATP, making copies of DNA, which has genes, getting rid of waste through the cell membrane, and using enzymes to digest larger things. Some things only plant cells have are: digestive enzymes in vacuoles, and chloroplasts which can do photosynthesis.
One thing only animal cells have is: digestive enzymes in the lysosomes.
Some things only bacterial cells have are: DNA and digestive enzymes in the cytoplasm, two layers of cell membrane, and proteins made in the cytoplasm.
Some things only eukaryotic cells have are: DNA stored in the nucleus, enzymes in the mitochondria, membranes surrounding and separating cell-organelles, and a complex protein making and transporting system.
What are the cell structures that most cells have and what do they do??
Vesicles carry materials around the cell and out of the cell, cell membranes act as protective barriers, the nucleus stores DNA, the cytoskeleton supports the structure, the mitochondria breaks down molecules (and is KIDNEY-SHAPED!!), ribosomes make proteins from mRNA, smooth ER makes lipids and hormones, rough ER makes proteins, the Golgi apparatus makes packages of proteins and transports them, the lysosomes are filled with digestive enzymes.
What are the benefits of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are simpler, so they require less energy and take less time to reproduce. Eukaryotic cells are more complicated, they can do more specific tasks, and better.
How do different cells act as a container, get and use energy, hold a set of instructions, read the instructions, and get rid of waste?
Animal cells have cell membranes, plant cells have cell walls, and bacterial cells have one or two cell membrane layers.
Animal cells do cellular respiration to get ATP, plant cells do photosynthesis and cellular respiration to get ATP, and bacterial cells makes ATP.
Animal and plant cells hold the DNA in the nucleus, bacterial cells keep their DNA in the cytoplasm.
All cells do DNA replication, transcription, and translation, bacterial cells don’t have a Golgi apparatus.
Animal cells use enzymes in lysosomes for waste, plant cells use enzymes in vacuoles, and bacterial cells don’t have a container for enzymes.
What are the steps and organelles in protein-making?
Rough ER makes proteins, the vesicle transports the protein to the Golgi apparatus, then to wherever else it needs to go, the lysosomes will break down the vesicles for the proteins.
Why would some cells have more of one type of organelle than other cells?
They need more of one to do their specialized task.
