6.1 Flashcards
What are the structures of each functional group, and are they polar, nonpolar, negative, or positive?
Hydroxyl’s structure is -OH, it is polar.
Carbonyl’s structure is -COH or -CO-, it is polar.
Carboxyl’s structure is -COOH, it is polar.
Amino’s structure is -NH2, it is positive and polar.
Sulfhydril’s structure is -SH, it is slightly polar.
Phosphate’s structure is -PO4, it is negative and polar
Define isomer.
Isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula, but have different structures, causing them to have different chemical properties and biological functions; fructose and glucose are examples of this.
Define monomer and polymer.
A polymer is made up of individual monomers, monomers can break apart and form new polymers.
What happens during dehydration synthesis?
One monomer in a polymer loses an OH, another loses an H, those form H2O, and the monomers bond, forming a polymer. This reaction requires both enzymes and energy to complete.
What happens during hydrolosis?
H2O is split into H and OH, H and OH attach to different enzymes, and break apart the bond monomers have with each other. Only one monomer can be removed at a time. This reaction requires enzymes, but it releases energy.
Why is carbon a building block for many organic molecules?
Carbon has 4 valence electrons, which allows it to form 4 stable covalent bonds. It is a main part in functional groups that do chemical reactions, which cause organic molecules to have distinct properties, it makes hydrocarbons hydrophilic, and it increases solubility in water.
What is the relationship between the terms monomer, polymer, dehydration synthesis, and hydrolosis?
Hydro means water, which both dehydration and hydrolosis have in the words. Polymer means many, monomer means one, and polymers are made up of many monomers.
