8.1 Flashcards
What was Griffith’s experiment?
Griffith tested R-strain and S-strain pneumonia on mice to see which would kill the mice and which would not. The S-strain killed, the R-strain did not, the heat-killed S-strain did not, the heat-killed S-strain combined with an R-strain killed. This was significant since it showed the R-strain became lethal when combined with a heat-killed S-strain, showing that it picked up something from the dead S-strain that caused it to change.
What was Avery, Macleod, and McCarty’s experiment?
Avery, Macleod, and McCarty’s experiment continued Griffith’s research, they wanted to find out whether proteins, RNA, or DNA was the transforming factor. They used enzymes to remove RNA, DNA, or proteins in different batches of dead S-strains, before adding R-strain and testing it on mice. When RNA and proteins were removed, the transformation still happened, and when DNA was removed, the transformation did not happen. Despite this showing that DNA was what passed traits on, most scientists at the time refused to believe this, since DNA had a very simple structure.
What was Hershey and Chase’s experiment?
Hershey and Chase’s experiment was done to further confirm whether proteins or DNA passed on genetic information. The proteins and DNA in viruses were separately marked through radioactive sulfur or phosphate, then the viruses would infect bacteria. DNA ended up inside the bacteria, while proteins remained on the virus. This confirmed that DNA was what carried genetic information.
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, then nitrogenous base.
What is the structure of a DNA molecule?
DNA strands are antiparallel, they form a helix shape, nitrogenous groups are on the inside, they attach.
What are some similarities and differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is made up of two strands, RNA is only one. RNA has uracil, DNA has thymine. DNA forms a helix shape, RNA forms a more complex shape as the one strand attaches to itself.
When guanine is 40%, what are cytosine, thymine, and adenine?
Cytosine is 40%, thymine is 10%, and adenine is 10%.
