9- Social Change Flashcards
How is social change defined?
Way society develops over time to replace beliefs, attitudes, and behaviour with new norms and expectations
What is modified in social change?
Existing societal order
What 2 concepts are related to social change?
Social inequalities and discontent
How many people believed that same sex relationships should be legal in 2019, and how many in 1977?
73% in 2019, 43% in 1977
How many people thought a sexual relationship between 2 people of the same sex isn’t wrong in 2022, and how many in 1983?
67% in 2022, 17% in 1983
Why does social change happen?
Because people feel that there is inequality in society
3 types of inequality
Distributive injustice, relative deprivation, procedural injustice
What is distributive injustice?
Perception of having less than we’re entitled to
What is relative deprivation?
Perception that self/ingroup has less than they should compared to others
What is procedural injustice?
Perception of being a victim of unfair laws + procedures
How does social change occur according to the advantaged group perspective?
Prejudice reduction
How does social change occur according to the disadvantaged group perspective?
Collective action
How are collective action and prejudice reduction models similar?
Both link to social identity theory
What is social identity?
Sense of self based on the group(s)
What are groups an important source of?
Pride and self-esteem
What do groups give us?
A sense of belonging in the social world
How can the derogation of outgroups occur by?
Groups comparing ingroups vs outgroups enhances group esteem and creativity
What level explanation is the prejudice reduction model?
Individual level
How does prejudice reduction occur?
Changing hearts and minds of prejudiced individuals
What does the contact hypothesis suggest?
Interaction between members of different groups reduces prejudice
4 optimal conditions for intergroup contact
- Equal status contact
- Co-operative interaction
- Common goals
- Support of authorities
When is intergroup contact one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice?
Under appropriate conditions
4 types of intergroup contact
Direct contact, computer-mediated contact, imagined contact, extended contact
What is collective action a form of?
Political protest
When is collective action taken?
To improve status of/prevent injustice against
Who is collective action taken against?
An entire group, rather than an individual
What type of action is collective action?
Any action that promotes interests of an ingroup or is conducted in political solidarity with another group
How must the disadvantaged group gain power and privileges that are never willingly given by the dominant group?
Must demand it through action
2 types of collective action
Normative and non-normative
How is normative collective action characterised?
Action that conforms to norms
How is non-normative collective action characterised?
Violates norms
