9- Social Change

Question 1

How is social change defined?

Answer 1

Way society develops over time to replace beliefs, attitudes, and behaviour with new norms and expectations

Question 2

What is modified in social change?

Answer 2

Existing societal order

Question 3

What 2 concepts are related to social change?

Answer 3

Social inequalities and discontent

Question 4

How many people believed that same sex relationships should be legal in 2019, and how many in 1977?

Answer 4

73% in 2019, 43% in 1977

Question 5

How many people thought a sexual relationship between 2 people of the same sex isn’t wrong in 2022, and how many in 1983?

Answer 5

67% in 2022, 17% in 1983

Question 6

Why does social change happen?

Answer 6

Because people feel that there is inequality in society

Question 7

3 types of inequality

Answer 7

Distributive injustice, relative deprivation, procedural injustice

Question 8

What is distributive injustice?

Answer 8

Perception of having less than we’re entitled to

Question 9

What is relative deprivation?

Answer 9

Perception that self/ingroup has less than they should compared to others

Question 10

What is procedural injustice?

Answer 10

Perception of being a victim of unfair laws + procedures

Question 11

How does social change occur according to the advantaged group perspective?

Answer 11

Prejudice reduction

Question 12

How does social change occur according to the disadvantaged group perspective?

Answer 12

Collective action

Question 13

How are collective action and prejudice reduction models similar?

Answer 13

Both link to social identity theory

Question 14

What is social identity?

Answer 14

Sense of self based on the group(s)

Question 15

What are groups an important source of?

Answer 15

Pride and self-esteem

Question 16

What do groups give us?

Answer 16

A sense of belonging in the social world

Question 17

How can the derogation of outgroups occur by?

Answer 17

Groups comparing ingroups vs outgroups enhances group esteem and creativity

Question 18

What level explanation is the prejudice reduction model?

Answer 18

Individual level

Question 19

How does prejudice reduction occur?

Answer 19

Changing hearts and minds of prejudiced individuals

Question 20

What does the contact hypothesis suggest?

Answer 20

Interaction between members of different groups reduces prejudice

Question 21

4 optimal conditions for intergroup contact

Answer 21

1. Equal status contact
2. Co-operative interaction
3. Common goals
4. Support of authorities

Question 22

When is intergroup contact one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice?

Answer 22

Under appropriate conditions

Question 23

4 types of intergroup contact

Answer 23

Direct contact, computer-mediated contact, imagined contact, extended contact

Question 24

What is collective action a form of?

Answer 24

Political protest

Question 25

When is collective action taken?

Answer 25

To improve status of/prevent injustice against

Question 26

Who is collective action taken against?

Answer 26

An entire group, rather than an individual

Question 27

What type of action is collective action?

Answer 27

Any action that promotes interests of an ingroup or is conducted in political solidarity with another group

Question 28

How must the disadvantaged group gain power and privileges that are never willingly given by the dominant group?

Answer 28

Must demand it through action

Question 29

2 types of collective action

Answer 29

Normative and non-normative

Question 30

How is normative collective action characterised?

Answer 30

Action that conforms to norms

Question 31

How is non-normative collective action characterised?

Answer 31

Violates norms