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PSY2016 Social Psychology with Research Methods 2 > 6- Sexism > Flashcards

6- Sexism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sexism?

A

Prejudice or discrimination based on someone’s gender

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2
Q

Who does sexism affect on average?

A

Disproportionally women and girls

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3
Q

4 factors of gender schema

A

Masculine & feminine stereotypes
Social perception
Perceived choice & opportunities
Sexism reinforcement

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4
Q

Who came up with gender schema?

A

Bem

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5
Q

When does gender socialisation start?

A

From very early on in childhood

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6
Q

What is gender schema?

A

Cognitive frameworks that shape our beliefs about gender norms

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7
Q

How do gender schemas change as children grow older?

A

Tend to influence perceptions of the self an others

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8
Q

Who distinguished between old-fashioned sexism and modern sexism?

A

Swim et al

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9
Q

How did attitudes change in society but not in the domestic setting?

A

Women were juggling paid work and domestic work

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10
Q

Why might the distinction between old-fashioned and modern sexism be much clearer than the distinction between old-fashioned and modern racism?

A

Intergroup contact- more likely for genders to interact than races

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11
Q

How is sexism a unique ‘ism’?

A

Sexism coexists with intimate interdependence on women

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12
Q

What 2 main forces representing gender relations coexist?

A
  1. Male dominance
  2. Intimate interdependence on women
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13
Q

What creates hostile sexism?

A

Male dominance through creation of competitive gender roles

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14
Q

What creates benevolent sexism?

A

Intimate interdependence on women creating cooperative gender roles

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15
Q

What does Glick et al believe about sexism?

A

It is beyond just antipathy toward women

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16
Q

Why do Glick and Fiske say that sexism toward women is usually ambivalent?

A

It involves not only hostile sexism but also benevolent sexism

17
Q

How is ambivalent sexism created?

A

By the coexistence of male dominance in society and intimate interdependence

18
Q

What is hostile sexism?

A

Antipathy toward women who are considered manipulative and devious

19
Q

How are women seen in hostile sexism?

A

As trying to control men through using their sexuality to get things from men

20
Q

How does male dominance support hostile sexism?

A

Characterises women as inferior and incompetent

21
Q

How is HS in its evaluative tone of women?

A

Negative

22
Q

What is hostile sexism also known as?

A

Misogyny

23
Q

What was found from Glick et al’s study of hostile sexism?

A

Men are more hostile than women

24
Q

What is benevolent sexism?

A

Subjectively positive view of protection, idealisation and affection directed toward women

25
Q

How are women seen in benevolent sexism?

A

As more moral and kinder than men- better suited to roles that complement their caring nature

26
Q

How is benevolent sexism created?

A

Relationship- sexual reproduction makes men and women intimate and highly interdependent on each other

27
Q

How is BS in its evaluative tone of women?

A

Positive

28
Q

What did Glick et al’s study of benevolent sexism find?

A

Women and men are equally benevolent

29
Q

What are correlations like between BS and HS in men and women?

A

High and positive

30
Q

What do hostile and benevolent sexism seem to be related to?

A

Gender empowerment measure- women’s participation in society

31
Q

What might benevolent system serve to justify?

A

Gender inequality

32
Q

What is system justification?

A

A psychological motivation to defend, justify, and uphold existing social, economic, and political systems, even at the expense of personal or group interests

33
Q

What was Jost & Kay’s research question?

A

Do BS and complementary gender stereotypes serve to justify inequality?

34
Q

What was Jost & Kay’s hypothesis

A

Participants exposed to benevolent or communal stereotypes of women- show increased support for the status quo compared to control

35
Q

How may Jost & Kay’s study be criticised?

A

Could be argued that they looked at American society generally, not female subordination

36
Q

4 things that BS could be linked to justification of

A

Hostile sexism
Women’s reproductive rights
Rape victim blaming
Domestic violence

37
Q

What does research support?

A

That both hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes serve to justify unequal gender relations

38
Q

How might sexism create a vicious cycle?

A

More hostility women face from men, more motivated they are to accept BS, relying on members of the dominant group to protect them

PSY2016 Social Psychology with Research Methods 2 (31 decks)

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