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Perio > 9. Oral biofilms and calculus > Flashcards

9. Oral biofilms and calculus Flashcards

1
Q

Stages in the formation of dental plaque

A
  1. Acquired pellicle
  2. Initial collonisation
  3. Secondary colonisation
  4. Maturation and biofilm growth
  5. Plaque mineralisation and calcification
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2
Q

Acquired pellicle

A
  • Formed instantly after brushing
  • Salivary and glycoproteins
  • Thin film that is attachment site for bacteria
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3
Q

Intial colonisation

A
  • Within a few hours
  • S. Sanguis, S. Oralis
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4
Q

Secondary colonisation

A
  • 24-72 hours
  • More diverse microorganisms including actinomyces, preveotella and fusobacterium
  • Adhere to initial colonisers
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5
Q

Maturation and biofilm growth

A
  • After a few days
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola
  • Gram negative and positive bacteria
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6
Q

Plaque Mineralization and Calcification

A
  • Over longer period
  • Biofilm hardens due to salivary minerals
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7
Q

Types of plaque

A
  • Supragingival
  • Subgingival
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8
Q

Calculus composition

A
  • Inorganic(mineral) components
  • Organic(cellular and extracellular matrix) components
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9
Q

Inorganic component of calculus(mineral)

A
  • 40-60% depending on location
  • Calcium phosphate crystals organised into four mineral phases=>Octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, whitlockite and brushite
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10
Q

Organic component of calculus

A
  • 85% cellular and 15% extracellular matrix
  • Cellular density within calculus very high
  • Extracellular matrix mostly proteins and lipids

200,000,000 cells per milligram
-Cells primarily bacterial, some fungal-candida and species of archaea

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11
Q

Common sites for calculus formation

A
  • Buccal surfaces on maxillary molars
  • Lingual surfaces of mandibular incisors

-Due to proximity to parotid and sublingual salivary glands

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12
Q

Bacteria present in fissures

A
  • Gram positive bacteria
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Streptococcus
  • Actinomyces
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13
Q

Bacteria present in proximal plaque

A
  • Gram positive and negatve
  • Facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria
  • Streptococcus
  • Actinomyces
  • Neisseria
  • Veillonella
  • Prevotella
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14
Q

Bacteria present in gingival crevice

A
  • Gram positive and negative
  • Obligate anaerobes
  • Streptococcus
  • Actinomyces
  • Eubacterium
  • Fusobacterium
  • Treponema
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15
Q

Bacterial complexes

A
  • Green
  • Orange associated
  • A-a
  • Orange
  • Red
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16
Q

Bacteria in green complex

A
  • E.corrodens
  • Capnocytophagia species
    -C.gingivalis
    -C.Ochracea
    -C.Spitigena

E= Eikenella

17
Q

Bacteria in orange associated complex

A
  • C.rectus(Cr)
  • E.nodatum(En)

C=Campylobacter
E=Eubacterium

18
Q

Bacteria in A-a complex

A

A.Actinomycetemcomitans(Aa)

19
Q

Bacteria in orange complex

A
  • P.Intermedia(Pi)
  • P.micra(Pm)
  • F. nucleatum(Fn)

Pi=Prevotella
Pm- Parvimonas
Fn=Fusobacterium

20
Q

Red complex bacteria

A
  • P.gingivalis(Pg)
  • T.forysthia(Tf)
  • T.denticola

Pg=Porphyromonas
Tf=Tannerella
Td-Treponema

Perio (60 decks)

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