13. Modifying factors of periodontitis Flashcards
Most important modifying factors in periodontal disease
- Diabetes
- Hormonal=>Puberty, pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptives
- Tobacco smoking
- Osteoporosis
- HIV
- Leukemia
Modifying factors have an effect on
- Vascular system
- Inflammatory response
- Tissue repair
Modifying factors modify the patients
- Susceptibility to disease
- Plaque microbiota
- Clinical presentation of disease
- Progression
- Response to treatment
Medications with an effect on periodontal disease
- CCB- Nifidipine
- Phenytoin-Anticonvulsant
- Cyclosporin-Immunosuppresant
Pregnancy effect on periodontal disease
- Increaed plasma hormone levels(increased bleeding, gingival overgrowth, exudate and GCF)
- Estrogen=»>
- Affects salivary peroxidases
- Increases inflammation
- Degree of keratinisation of CT ground substance
- Inreased growth of seletive pathogens
- Pregnancy granuloma can develop
salivary perioxidases active against mo
Puberty effect on periodontal disease
- Steroid hormones=>increased inflammatory mediators
- Gingivitis
Menstrual cycle effect on periodontal disease
Increased exudate/inflammatory exudate
Menopause effect on periodontal disease
- Decrease in hormonal levels cause tissue changes=>
- Desquamation of gingival epithelium and osteoporosis
-Countered by estrogen supplementation
-Desquamation=>peeling
Smoking effect on periodontal disease
- Vasoconstriction->False Bop
- Deeper pocket depths-AL
- Decreased salivary flow-xerostomia
- Fibrotic gingival appearance w/ little inflammation and edema
- Poorer oral hygiene
- Impaired PMN phagocytosis
- Poorer healing
Diabetes effect on periodontal disease
- Decreased salivary flow
- Predisposition to candidiasis, burning mouth, abcess formation
- Impaired healing=>poor leukocyte function, reduction in growth and proliferation of CT=>
- Hyperglycemic environment
HIV effect on periodontal disease
- Impaired immune system=>infection susceptibility
- Dry mouth
- Red band gingivitis
- PD bone loss
Leukemia effect on periodontal disease
- Increased bleeding
- Paleness of mucosa
- Gingival hyperplasia, petechiae and hemorrhages
Petechia=>small red or purple spot on the skin, conjunctiva, retina, and mucous membranes=>haemorrhage of capillaries
Osteoporosis effect on periodontal disease
- Increased progession of disease
- Decreased bone density-mobility
- Increased inflammatory mediators
- Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of jaws
Oral contraceptive effect on periodontal disease
- Increase of inflammatory mediators=>
- Prostaglandins
- Cytokines
