16. Plaque induced gingival diseases-plaque induced gingivitis, plaque retentive

Question 1

Definition of plaque induced gingivitis

Answer 1

Inflammatory lesion from reaction between dental plaque biofilm and host immune response

Question 2

Features of gingivitis

Answer 2

🔹Swelling- loss of knife edged gingival margin and blunting of papillae
🔹BOP
🔹Redness
🔹Discomfort on probing
🔹Halitosis
🔹Difficulty eating

Question 3

Comparison characteristics between healthy and non healthy gingiva

Answer 3

🔹Colour
🔹Contour
🔹Consistency
🔹Bleeding on provocation

Question 4

Normal gingiva colour

Answer 4

Coral pink

Question 5

Gingivitis colour

Answer 5

Red/ bluish red

Question 6

Contour of normal gingiva

Answer 6

🔹Scalloped outline
🔹Papillary gingiva fits interdental spaces
🔹Marginal gingiva- knife edged

Question 7

Gingivitis contour

Answer 7

🔹Edema- blunting of marginal tissues
🔹Loss of knife edged adaptation
🔹Bulbous papillary tissues

Question 8

Normal gingiva consistency

Answer 8

Firm and resilient

Question 9

Gingivitis consistency

Answer 9

Soft and pitting edema

Question 10

Modifying factors of plaque induced gingivitis

Answer 10

🔹Smoking
🔹Changed in sex hormones
🔹Malnutrition
🔹Specific diseases and conditions
🔹Systemic drugs

Question 11

Natural Plaque retentive factors

Answer 11

• Calculus
• Caries
• Orthodontic anomalies
• Deep pits and fissures
• Crowded teeth
• Recession
• Furcations
• Fractures
• Radices
• Frenulum attachments(papilla and papilla penetrating)
• Exogenous tooth discolouration
• Mucogingival abnormalities(congenital or acquired defects)

Question 12

Iatrogenic plaque retentive factors

Answer 12

• Caused by dental treatment
• Poorly adapted restorations(crowns, bridges, fillings)
• Fixed orthodontic appliances and retainers
• Mouth breathing-> xerostomia/hyposalivation