5. Fundamentals of implantology-classifications, terminology

Question 1

Components of implant

Answer 1

• Implant body
• Abutment
• Crown

Question 2

Implants use

Answer 2

• Replace single, multiple teeth or support full denture

Question 3

Implant position types

Answer 3

• Bone level
• Tissue level

Question 4

Bone level implants

Answer 4

• Shoulder of implant sits on level of bone or crest

Question 5

Tissue level implants

Answer 5

• Shoulder on level on gingival tissue
• Effects aesthetics as metal collar can be seen
• Easier to clean

Question 6

Macrodesign

Implant designs

Answer 6

• Endo-osseous implants- Blade implants, Pin, disk shaped, Root form/conical implants
• Subperiosteal implants
• Transmandibular implants

-Root form/conical implants most used today, screw shaped, parallel and tapered
-Subperiosteal implants- derived from impression of jaw bone
-Transmandibular implants- extremely resorbed edentulous mandibles with minimal height

Question 7

Importance of implant microdesign

Answer 7

• Can positively influence healing process
• Enhanced osteogenesis
• Retention of fibrin clot
• Pathway from osteogenic cells to reach implant surface

Question 8

Processes to improve implant microdesign

Answer 8

• Additive processes
• Subtractive processes

Question 9

Additive processes

Answer 9

• Modify implant structure by adding materials to surface

Question 10

Examples of additive processes

Answer 10

• Mineral coatings
• Plasma spraying
• Biocoating with growth factors
• Fluoride and particulates
• Cements containing Ca-phosphates
• Sulphates or carbonates
• Hydroxyapetite

Hydroxyapetite shown to enhance initial bone cell adaptation or proliferation

Question 11

Examples of subtractive processes

Answer 11

• Machining
• Acid etching
• Sand blasting or combination

Question 12

Metals used for implants

Answer 12

• CP Titanium or titanium alloys

Titanium oxides in nanoseconds when exposed to air->passive oxide layer very resistent to corrosion in CP form