Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

01 Renal Respiratory > 9 CKD, Vascular, and Interstitial disease > Flashcards

9 CKD, Vascular, and Interstitial disease Flashcards

0
Q

Interstitial Nephritis labs

A

UA- WBCs, WBC casts, RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Acute interstitial nephritis Causes

A

*Drug hypersensitivity (PCN, NSAIDs, Sulfonamides, Rifampin)
Fever, arthralgia, maculopapular rash, peripheral blood eosinophilia, eosinophilic urine

  • Infections
  • Autoimmune- SLE- Sjogrens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute interstitial nephritis histo

A
  • Inflammation and edema of tubules and interstitum- spares glomerulis/vessels
  • Lymphocytes, Plasmacytes, eosinophils
  • granulomas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

A
  • Urinary or hematogenous
  • acute inflammation of kidney
  • Typical gram - urinary pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pyelo risk factors

A
  • Urinary obstruction
  • Catheters etc
  • Vesicoureteral reflux
  • Pregnancy
  • beetis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pyelo histo

A

Interstitial inflammation with very few eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Multiple myeloma

A
  • usually >40 y.o.
  • renal insuficiency and proteinuria
  • bone pain/fractures
  • hypercalcemia
  • light chains in blood/urine
  • 25% of patients with renal failure
  • Direct toxicity of light chains
  • Tubular cast obstruction
  • interstitial inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Multiple myeloma cast nephropathy

A
  • urinary excreation of light chains
  • AKI presentation
  • Cast formation promoted by
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Volume depletion
  • nephrotoxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MM Cast neohropath histo

A

LM: Fractured crystalline casts with cellular reaction
IF: light chain predominance
EM: Electron dense fractured casts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MM cast nephropathy tratments

A
  • Hydration and urinary alkylization to precent cast obstruction
  • Chemo and BMT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Renal Vascular Diseases

A
  • Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
  • Renovascular hypertension
  • renal artery artherosclerosis
  • fibromuscular dysplasia
  • atheroembolic disease
  • Thrombotic microangiopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HTN Nephrosclerosis

A
  • CKD from longstanding HTN
  • Usually other organs affected
  • Proteinuria common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HTN Nephrosclerosis histo

A

Gross appearance: Small kidney with fine granular subcapsular surface
LM:Subcapsular glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, atertiolar hyaline

MALIGNANG HTN:
*mucoid intimal thickening (onion skinning) of the arteries, glomerular capillary wrinkling, GBM duplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Renovascular HTN

A
  • Renal artery stenosis causing HTN
  • Atherosclerosis
  • fibrmuscular dysplasia
  • Trauma, dssection, or extrinsic compression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clues its Renovascular HTN

A

Late or early onset HTN
HArd to control HTN
Bruit
Renal failure after ACEi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RA stenosis: Fibromuscular dysplasia

A
  • Younger women
  • Mainly renal arteries, also 25-30% head and neck, two vvvascular beds in 28% of patients

Histo: Medial FMD- string of pearls renal artery- alternating tthickening and thinning of media

16
Q

RA stenosis: fibromuscular dysplasia treatment

A
  • surgical revascularization
  • angioplasty/stent
  • medical management
17
Q

Thromboembolic/atheroembolic kidney disease

A
  • Cortical infarcts wedge shaped- pale with hyperemic border
  • atheroembolic- usually aortic plaque disruption and showeing of cholesterol emboli also see:
    • Digital infarction
    • Bowel infarction
    • Stroke
  • Eosinophilia
18
Q

Atheroembolic outcomes

A
  • Stable/normal function
  • chronic progession in subacute cases
  • ESRD
  • Permanent dialysis
19
Q

Thrombotic microangiopathy

A
  • thrombosis n capilaries and arterioles
  • microangiopic hemolytic anemia
  • thrombocytoopenia
  • renal failure
  • Hemolytic uremic syndrome (frequently after e.coli infection)
  • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
20
Q

TMA (thrombotic microangiopathy) histo

A

Fibrin stain positive for clot in capillary lumen

21
Q

CKD

A
  • Progressive irreversablerenal insufficieency that develops over months to years.
  • May lead to ESRD
  • Causes
  • HTN
  • DM
  • GN
  • Cystic diseases
22
Q

CKD consequenses

A

*Anemia- loss of EPO (GFR Hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, renal osteodystrophy

23
Q

CKD findings

A
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Decreased ammonium secretion- retention of phosphates and sulfates
  • hyperkalemia
  • disruption of Na/H20 balance
  • Coagulopathy (platelette dysfunction)
  • neuropathy
24
Q

CKD: Uremia symptoms

A 
Lethargy/fatigue
Sleep disturbances
Anorexia NV
Pruritis
RLS
Uremic pericarditis
25
Q

CKD treatment

A 
Delay progression of ESRD
*RAS blockade for HTN/ proteinuria
*DM control
*smoking cessation
*other disease specific treatment
Prevent or minimize adverse effects
Renal replacement therapy when necessary

01 Renal Respiratory (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions