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01 Renal Respiratory > 1 Urinary Anatomy and Renal Histology > Flashcards

1 Urinary Anatomy and Renal Histology Flashcards

0
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the urinary system

A

Kidney T10-L1

Ureter and bladder T11-L2

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1
Q

Progression of arteries in the kidney

A

Renal > Segmental> Lobar> Interlobar> arcuate> interlobular

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2
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the urinary system

A

Kidney: Vagus

Ureters and Bladder: Pelvic splanchnic

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3
Q

Functions of the Kidney

A

Excretory: ions drugs
Homeostasis: acid base, CA/PO4, NA, K
Endocrine: Erythropoietin, ANGII

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4
Q

What is a lobule

A

Medullary ray and surrounding cortex

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5
Q

What is a lobe

A

Medullary pyramid and surrounding cortex

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6
Q

Tubular plexus

A

Capillaries covering loop of cortical nephrons

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7
Q

Vasa Recta

A

Capillaries that supply loop of juxtamedullary nephrons

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8
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Proteoglycan layer that is negatively charged and blocks negatively charged molecules from passing on the endothelial side (podocyttes do this on the opposite side

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9
Q

Mesangium

A

Cells and ECM of fibronectin and collagen that provide:
Physical support to the glomerulus
Regulate blood flow (through pericytes with ANP and ANGII receptors)
Create glomerular basement membrane

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10
Q

Ureter blood supply

A

Small branches off the Renal arteries, testicular arteries, common iliacs, and internal iliacs.

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11
Q

Kidney Size

A

10X6X2.5-3cm (left is narrower and longer)

150gm male, 135 female

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12
Q

Sites of ureter narrowing

A

Ureteropelvic junction, external iliac artery, ureterovesicular junction

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13
Q

How much CO is delivered to kidneys

A

20-25%

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14
Q

How much fluid is filtered in the kidneys

A

125ml/ minute (124ml returns to the circulation)

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15
Q

How often is total blood volume fltered?

A

Every 4-5 minutes

16
Q

Size of glomerular vasculature

A

Afferent arteriole is larger than efferent- this ceates a pressure difference that drives filtration

17
Q

Capillary epithelium specifics

A

70-100nm pores- permeable to water and 6-8 kDa solutes, partially permeable to 8-16kDa solutes

18
Q

Glomerular filtration barrier 3 parts

A

Capillary endothelium
Basement Membrane
Podocytes

19
Q

Mesangium definition/parts

A

ECM of fibronectin and collagen

Pericytes with receptors for ANGII and ANP. Secretion of endothelin cytokines, and prostaglandin.

20
Q

Proximal tubule histology

A
  • Cuboidal/columnar epithelium
  • granular cytoplasm
  • basal nuclei
  • Brush border obscures lumen
  • Indistinguishable lateral borders (interdigitation)

** NaCl, H2O absorption, facilitated Glucose AA and protein resorption

21
Q

Loop of henle histo

A
  • simple squamous epithelium in thin portions (differentiated with capillaries by lack of RBCs in the lumen
  • Thick ascending limbs cuboidal epithelium
22
Q

Thick ascending histo

A
  • Cuboidal epithelium
  • Central nuclei
  • Interdigitations
  • impermeable to H20, absorb NaCl, glucose, AA, and proteins through facilitated diffusion. H+ secreted
23
Q

Distal tubule histo

A
  • Cuboidal epithelium
  • central oval nuclei
  • interdigitations
  • no brush border
  • **NaCL, KHCO3 resoption, secretion of K+, H+, and N3H
24
Q

Late distal tubule

A
  • cuboidal
  • Large lumen
  • Central nuclei
  • **ADH Na resorption and K secretion
25
Q

Polycystin 1&2

A

Flow sensing proteins on Primary cilium of collecting duct. Genetic defects causes polycystic kidney disease

26
Q

Macula Densa

A

Columnar cells on distal convoluted tubule

Detects NaCl concentation by releasing Renin

27
Q

Erythropoeitin functions

A
  • ^ RBC precursors
  • ^ RBC release from BM
  • ** Increased production in high altitude, hemorrhage, impaired pulmonary function (hypoxia)
28
Q

Oliguria

A

<400 ml urine per day

29
Q

Ureter histo

A

mucosa epithelium (transitional), lamina propria (with abundant elastic tissue), muscularis (2 layers, 3 layers lower 1/3) inner longitudinal, outer is circular, adventitia (fibrous tissue)

30
Q

Bladder cancer

A

Associated with smoking, mainly uroepithelial in origin.

01 Renal Respiratory (34 decks)

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