9. Child Development From Birth To Adolescence Flashcards
the experiences we encounter during the 5 stages identify why we may have developed normally or abnormally. Explain the basic conflict of infancy:
Trust vs Mistrust
Take feeding for example. Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide, care for us and give us affection. A lack of this will need to mistrust while we develop.
the experiences we encounter during the 5 stages identify why we may have developed normally or abnormally. Explain the basic conflict of early childhood?
Autonomy vs Shame and doubt
Take toilet training as an example. Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt
the experiences we encounter during the 5 stages identify why we may have developed normally or abnormally. Explain the basic conflict of preschool
Initiative/ purpose vs guilt.
Take exploration for example. Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment.
Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
the experiences we encounter during the 5 stages identify why we may have developed normally or abnormally. Explain the basic conflict of school age?
Industry/ competence vs inferiority
Take school for example. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.
Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
the experiences we encounter during the 5 stages identify why we may have developed normally or abnormally. Explain the basic conflict of school adolescence?
Identity vs role confusion
Take social relationships for example. Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. They may do this through the social relationships they form.
Success of developing a sense of ones own identity leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
The different stages of psychological development are imp to medical practitioners because as practitioners we should be able to?
Identify abnormal patterns of development and treat them appropriately. Knowing about the this minimizes disturbances to physical and psychological growth of the patient because we can prescribe them something or have them see someone like a psychologist, etc…
List the 5 areas of child development from birth to adolescence for a psychological perspective?
- Attachment
- Cognitive development
- Language development
- Social development
- Moral development
The theory of cognitive development was proposed by the Swiss psychologist ____ ____
Jean piaget
When one is thinking about a Childers cognitive/ intellectual development they think
How does a child’s mind grow and when and how to children begin to think with reason, logic, symbolically and be able to see things from others perspective.
How does the theory of cognitive development begin
His theory began with the idea that the child’s mind is not a miniature version of an adult’s mind waiting to be filled with information.
On the contrary, a child’s mind DEVELOPS into an adult mind through FOUR stages known as the stages of cognitive development that span from birth to the adolescent years.
define assimilation
process of matching external reality to an existing cognitive structure.
Define accommodation
• When there’s an inconsistency between the learner’s cognitive structure & the thing being learned, the child will reorganize her thoughts
Define equilibration
It is assimilation and accommodation. We adjust our ideas to make a sense of reality.
List the four stages of cognitive development in order (note the ages of the stages may vary to some however we all go through the stages in the same order)
- Sensorimotor (birth - 2 years)
- Preoperational (around 2-7)
- Concrete operational (around 7-11)
- Formal operations (around 12-15)
Explain the sensorimotor stage of (cognitive development= an area of 5 involved in child development)
- birth to about 2 years this takes place
- rapid change is seen
During this stage the child will:
• Explore the world through senses & motor activity
• Early on, baby can’t tell difference between themselves & the environment
• If they can’t see something then it doesn’t exist (object permanence)
• Begin to understand cause & effect (if u play with smth dangerous and it hurts u every time, baby will stop playing w it)
• Can later follow something with their eyes
Explain the preoperational stage
- About 2 to 7 years
• Better speech communication
• Can imagine the future & reflect on the past
• Develop basic numerical abilities
• Still pretty egocentric, but learning to be able to delay gratification
• Can’t understand conservation of matter
• Has difficulty distinguishing fantasy from reality (ex: cartoon characters are real people).
What stage does this image show
Preoperational.
The girl can’t understand the conservation of matter- understanding something doesn’t change even through it looks different, shape is not related to quantity. To the girl there is more water in the bigger glass however they are the same amount.
Another example: are ten coins arranged in a long line more than ten coins in a small pile, to the girl there are.
Explain concrete operational stage
From about 7 to 11 years
- abstract reasoning ability
- understand conservation of matter
Explain the formal operations stage
About 12 to about 15 years
- be able to think abut hypothetical situations
(Think they’re at the point in school where they are being asked more hypothetical situation questions) - Form & test hypotheses
- Organize information
- Reason scientifically
Development happens from one stage to another through interaction with the environment. Changes from stage to stage may occur abruptly and kids will differ in how long they are in each stage. development can only happen after genetically controlled biological growth occurs.
What development area is this and who said it
Cognitive and Piaget said it.
Piaget says that development leads to ____
Learning
Know that
- Drive for development is internal
- The child can only learn certain things when she is at the right developmental stage.
- Environmental factors can influence but not direct development.
- Development will happen naturally through regular interaction with social environment.
