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MED 104- Medical Psychology > 14. Attachment 2 > Flashcards

14. Attachment 2 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. How can parents promote secure behaviour?
A
  1. a method called Capacity Hold
    - this is when we allow the child their experiences.
    without intruding
  2. being emotionally available
    • being emotionally interested
  3. recognising and responding to an infant’s feeling
    state
  4. stimulate in optimal range for age and state
    arousal
  5. having a capacity for soothing
    • recognising when an infant needs to be calmed
  6. repeated experiences of calming
    • this allows self soothing
  7. timing the interaction
    - taking turns talking and listening
    - waiting for the infant
    - not over exciting the infant
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2
Q
  1. What is the cycle for how a parent promotes secure behaviour?
A
  1. the child wants something
  2. the caregiver sets a limit
    • says “NO”
  3. the child will accept, limit, test pr defy this limit
  4. the caregiver then responds appropriately
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3
Q
  1. What are some Vulnerability Factors in Parents?
A
  • depressed mothers can tend to under-stimulate
  • insensitive parents may have poor timing
  • they may ignore cues
  • they may be intrusive
  • there is an increase in disorganised behaviour in
    parents with all kinds of mental illnesses
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4
Q
  1. What is the Strange Situation Procedure?
A
  • it was conducted by Ainsworth and Bell
  • it was conducted in the year 1970
  • it was set up in a small active playroom
  • it observed the behaviour of the infant in a series of
    seven episodes
  • each 3 minutes long
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5
Q
  1. What is the order of the Seven Episodes (each 3 minutes long) in the Strange Situation Procedure?
A
  1. Parent and Infant alone
  2. Stranger joins parent and infant
  3. Parent leaves infant and stranger alone
  4. Parent returns and stranger leaves
  5. Parent leaves and infant is left completely alone
  6. Stranger returns
  7. Parents returns and stranger leaves
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6
Q
  1. What are the four categories of behaviours that were observed and measured during the Strange Situation Procedure?
A
  1. Separation Anxiety
    (the unease the infant shows when left alone by
    the caregiver)
  2. The Infant’s Willingness to Explore
  3. Stranger Anxiety
    (the infant’s response to the presence of a
    stranger)
  4. Reunion Behaviour
    (the way that the caregiver was greeted on return)
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7
Q
  1. What are the four types of Attachment styles?
    (according to Attachment Theory)
A
  1. Secure Attachment
  2. Avoidant Attachment
  3. Ambivalent Attachment
  4. Disorganised Attachment
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8
Q
  1. List the percentages of people that usually have the following kinds of Attachment Styles:

8.1. Secure Attachment
8.2. Avoidant Attachment
8.3. Ambivalent Attachment
8.4. Disorganised Attachment

A

8.1. 65%
8.2. 20%
8.3. 10% - 15%
8.4. 10% - 15%

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9
Q
  1. What is the General Behaviour of a child with a Secure Attachment style?
A
  • secure
  • explorative
  • happy
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10
Q
  1. What is the General Behaviour of a child with an Avoidant Attachment style?
A
  • not very explorative
  • emotionally distant
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11
Q
  1. What is the General Behaviour of a child with an Ambivalent Attachment style?
A
  • anxious
  • insecure
  • angry
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12
Q
  1. What is the General Behaviour of a child with a Disorganised Attachment style?
A
  • depressed
  • angry
  • completely passive
  • non responsive
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13
Q
  1. What is the responsiveness of a caregiver who has a Secure Attachment style?
A
  • quick
  • sensitive
  • consistent
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14
Q
  1. What is the responsiveness of a caregiver who has an Avoidant Attachment style?
A
  • distant
  • disengaged
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15
Q
  1. What is the responsiveness of a caregiver who has an Ambivalent Attachment style?
A
  • inconsistent
  • sometimes sensitive
  • sometimes neglectful
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16
Q
  1. What is the responsiveness of a caregiver who has a Disorganised Attachment style?
A
  • extreme
  • erratic
  • frightened
  • frightening
  • passive
  • intrusive
17
Q
  1. How are the Child’s needs fulfilled when they have a Secure Attachment Style?
A
  • the child believes and trusts that their needs will be met
18
Q
  1. How are the Child’s needs fulfilled when they have an Avoidant Attachment Style?
A
  • the child subconsciously believes that their needs will probably not be met
19
Q
  1. How are the Child’s needs fulfilled when they have an Ambivalent Attachment Style?
A
  • they cannot rely that their needs will be met
20
Q
  1. How are the Child’s needs fulfilled when they have a Disorganised Attachment Style?
A
  • they are severely confused
  • they have no strategy to have their needs met
21
Q
  1. How do Secure Infants react to a reunion with their caregiver?
A
  • they are pleased to see their caregivers
  • they show little or no anger towards them
  • they seek proximity and comfort from their
    caregiver
  • they greet their caregiver warmly if they are not
    upset
  • they return to play quickly
22
Q
  1. What is the advantage that Secure Infants have?
A
  • they are better liked by teachers and peers
  • they make less bids for attention
  • they are more likely to be attended to
  • they are better at conflict resolution with their
    peers
  • they are unlikely to be bullied or to be a bully
  • they have a slight advantage in language
    development
23
Q
  1. How do Avoidant Insecure infants react to a reunion with their caregiver?
A
  • they ignore the caregiver’s leaving
  • they show little interest when the caregiver returns
  • they may avoid eye contact
  • they usually do not seek proximity
  • their attention is more focused on the stranger and
    the toys than the parent
24
Q
  1. How do Ambivalent Attachment infants react to a reunion with their caregiver?
A
  • they are wary of exploration
  • they are usually very upset during separation
  • they urgently seek proximity when the caregiver
    returns
  • they can be clingy and angry
  • they may be distressed
  • they may be passive about seeking contact
  • they are slow to settle
  • they are not readily comforted by contact with their
    caregiver
25
Q
  1. How do infants with a disorganised attachment
    style react to a reunion with their caregiver?
A
  • there is a lack of a coherent attachment strategy
  • the child expresses contradictory behaviours
    simultaneously
  • the child is apprehensive
  • they are helpless
  • they have depressed movements and expressions
  • they can freeze on return of the caregiver
26
Q
  1. What is the disadvantage that an infant with a Disorganised Attachment style faces?
A
  • they have a higher chance of adopting their
    parents’ mental illnesses
  • they have unresolved mourning
  • they find themselves in harmful social situations
  • their parents have very controlling and coercive
    behaviour
  • they have increased aggression towards their peers
  • they have increased dissociative behaviour during
    their adolescence
  • they have higher chances of having
    psychopathological disorders
27
Q
  1. What is the Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)?
A
  • an individual will have a disturbed and
    inappropriate way of carrying themselves in social
    settings
  • they can either portray a Disinhibited Pattern
  • or an Inhibited Pattern
28
Q
  1. What is a Disinhibited Pattern?
A
  • the individual seeks comfort and attention from
    anyone
  • they are extremely dependent
  • they can find peer relationships difficult
  • it can make them anxious
29
Q
  1. What is an Inhibited Pattern?
A
  • the individual is withdrawn
  • they are emotionally detached
  • they are resistant to comfort
  • they are hyper vigilant
  • they ignore or push others away
30
Q
  1. What are the effects of a Reactive Attachment Disorder?
A
  • they have dampened positive effects
  • it resembles internalising disorders
  • there is a lack of preferred attachments to
    caregiving adults
  • there can be an absence of attachment to
    caregiving adults
31
Q
  1. What are the effects of a Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder?
A
  • it resembles ADHD
  • there is not necessarily a lack of attachments
32
Q
  1. What is a Shared Etiological Pathway?
A
  • it is the result of social neglect
  • it is the result of other situations that may limit one
    child’s opportunity to form selective attachments
33
Q
  1. What kind of Parenting Treatment can be implemented to help with Attachment Disorders?
A
  • social support for parents
  • psychological support for parents
  • learning parenting skills
  • specific therapy to improve the parents self esteem
  • help to regulate parent’s behaviour
  • treat underlying parental illnesses
  • provide social services
  • provide school support
34
Q
  1. What kind of Child Treatment can be implemented to help with Attachment Disorders?
A
  • family therapy
  • individual therapy
  • play therapy
  • art therapy
  • psychodynamic therapy
  • developmental therapy

MED 104- Medical Psychology (24 decks)

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