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MED 104- Medical Psychology > 13. Attachment 1 > Flashcards

13. Attachment 1 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. List Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
    (from most important to least important)
A
  1. Physiological
  2. Safety
  3. Love and Belonging
  4. Esteem
  5. Self Actualisation
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2
Q
  1. What are some examples of Physiological Needs?
A
  • breathing
  • food
  • water
  • sex
  • sleep
  • homeostasis
  • excretion
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3
Q
  1. What are some examples of Safety Needs?
A
  • security of body
  • security of employment
  • security of resources
  • security of mortality
  • security of family
  • security of health
  • security of property
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4
Q
  1. What are some examples of Love and Belonging needs?
A
  • friendship
  • family
  • sexual intimacy
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5
Q
  1. What are some examples of Esteem needs?
A
  • Self Esteem
  • confidence
  • achievement
  • respect of others
  • respect by others
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6
Q
  1. What are some examples of Self Actualisation needs?
A
  • morality
  • creativity
  • spontaneity
  • problem solving
  • lack of prejudice
  • acceptance of facts
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7
Q
  1. What are three broad categories of Basic Needs?
A
  1. Physical Care
  2. Stimulation
  3. Interpersonal Stimulation
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8
Q
  1. What are some examples of Physical Needs?
A
  • warmth
  • food
  • protection from physical harm
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9
Q
  1. What are some examples of of Stimulation?
A
  • motor stimulation
  • sensory stimulation
  • a gross deprivation of these may lead to permanent damage
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10
Q
  1. Who are two men who did early research on Attachment?
A
  1. John Bowlby
  2. Rene Spitz
  • they started this research post World War II
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11
Q
  1. What can you tell me about John Bowlby?
A
  • he was born on the 26 February 1907
  • he was born in London
  • he died on the 2 September 1990
  • he was 83 years old
  • he was a British Psychiatrist
  • his early work was influenced by Sigmund Freud,
    Melanie Klein and Konrad Lorenz
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12
Q
  1. What was John Bowlby’s research focused on?
A
  • he coined the term “attachment”
  • his key idea was the attachment theory
  • he worked with homeless children in post-war
    Europe
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13
Q
  1. How did John Bowlby describe attachment?
A
  • he described it as a lasting psychological
    connectedness between human beings
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14
Q
  1. Which view did John Bowlby share?
A
  • a Psychoanalytic view
  • he believed that early experiences in childhood
    have an important influence on development
  • and on behaviour later in life
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15
Q
  1. According to John Bowlby, who are early attachment styles established between?
A
  • they are established between the infant and the
    caregiver
  • they are established in childhood
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16
Q
  1. How is attachment defined?
A
  • it is defined as a unique emotional bond
  • between a carer and a child
  • it involves the exchange of:
    - comfort
    - care
    - pleasure
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17
Q
  1. John Bowlby believed that attachment had a basis in what?
A
  • evolution
18
Q
  1. What did John Bowlby say are the basic components of human nature?
A
  • making strong emotional bonds to particular individuals
19
Q
  1. What are the four main aspects of John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory?
A
  1. Humans have a need for relating to particular
    other people throughout life
  2. Biologically determined behaviours in infants are
    shaped by experience
  3. The loss of an attachment figure in young children
    can lead to: protest, despair and detachment
  4. The loss of an attachment figure at any time in life
    leads to a grief reaction
20
Q
  1. What are two main points that Attachment is based on?
A
  1. It is based on the assumption of safety as an
    evolutionary driving factor
  2. It is based on the premise that an increase in
    safety leads to an increase in survivability
21
Q
  1. What do immature animals tend to do when they face a threat?
A
  • they run
  • they seek a place of safety
22
Q
  1. What do higher mammals tend to do when they face a threat?
A
  • they tend to seek an adult protector
    (usually a mother)
23
Q
  1. Do infants just form attachments to their mothers?
A
  • no
  • even though mother’s are usually the primary attachment figure
  • infants will form attachments with any caregiver who is responsive and sensitive
24
Q
  1. According to John Bowlby, what are the four major characteristics of attachment?
A
  1. Proximity Maintenance
  2. Safe Haven
  3. Secure Base
  4. Separation Distress
25
Q
  1. What is Proximity Maintenance?
A
  • it is the desire to be near the people that we are attached to
26
Q
  1. What is a Safe Haven?
A
  • it is the returning to an attachment figure for
    comfort and safety
  • this is done when in the face of fear or threat
27
Q
  1. What is a Secure Base?
A
  • it is when the attachment figure acts as a base of security
  • the child can explore the surrounding environment from this base
28
Q
  1. What is Separation Distress?
A
  • it is the anxiety that occurs in the absence of an attachment figure
29
Q
  1. What does the Attachment Behaviour System serve as?
A
  • it serves to maintain closer proximity to the attachment figure
30
Q
  1. How many phases are there to the Attachment Behaviour System?
A
  1. 1st Phase
    (8 weeks)
  2. 2nd Phase
    (2 months - 6 months)
  3. 3rd Phase
    (6 months - 2 years)
31
Q
  1. What is the 1st Phase (8 weeks)?
A
  • the infant’s behaviour is directed towards anyone in the vicinity
32
Q
  1. What is the 2nd Phase (2 months - 6 months)?
A
  • the infant is responsive toward the caregiver
33
Q
  1. What is the 3rd Phase (6 months - 2 years)?
A
  • there is organised behaviour towards the caregiver
  • there is a goal to achieve security
34
Q
  1. What does Infant Attachment Behaviour develop from?
A
  • genetically determined behaviours
  • these behaviours are shaped by experiences with caregivers in the 1st year of life
35
Q
  1. What are some examples of genetically determined behaviours?
A
  • crying
  • rooting
  • grasping
  • following
  • clinging
36
Q
  1. What are the three main types of Attachment Behaviour?
A
  1. Signalling Behaviour
    (smile, vocal, laugh)
  2. Aversive Behaviour
    (crying)
  3. Active Behaviour
    (crawling, shadowing attachment figures)
37
Q
  1. What are the benefits of Attachment Behaviour?
A
  • protection
  • safety
  • food
  • resources
  • social interaction
  • stimulation
38
Q
  1. What are some Triggering Events for Attachment Behaviour and Emotions?
A
  • situations for anxiety and distress
    (EG: conflict)
  • fear
  • social difficulties
  • threats to the carers availability
    (EG: Responsiveness)
39
Q
  1. Where can the Trigger sites originate from?
A
  1. Within the child
    (EG: hurt, tired, hungry)
  2. Within the Environment
    (EG: frightening, confusing, threatening event)
  3. Within the Attachment Figure
    (EG: uncertain location, uncertain behaviour,
    hostility, abusiveness, rejection)
40
Q
  1. What kind of behaviour do Triggers require from the Primary Carer?
A
  • sensitive
  • accepting
  • co-operative
  • accessible
  • available
41
Q
  1. How many attachment figures do Children usually have?
A
  • they can have several attachment figures
  • one or two are usually preferred
42
Q
  1. What does the Internal Working Model of Social Relationships suggest?
A
  • early experiences with caregivers gradually give rise to a system
  • this system consists of:
    - thoughts
    - memories
    - beliefs
    - expectations
    - emotions
    - behaviours
  • these are all about self and others

MED 104- Medical Psychology (24 decks)

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