9/9 Questions Exam 2

Question 1

What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?

Answer 1

a range of 2.6% to 10%

Question 2

What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a higher incidence of spondylolysis?

Answer 2

the native alaskan (inuit) population

Question 3

Lumbar spondylolysis has not been reported in what groups of individuals?

Answer 3

fetuses, newborns, rarely in children under 5 years old, patients who have never walked and in non-erect species

Question 4

What does lumbar spondylolysis appear to be related to?

Answer 4

the uniquely human upright stance or erect postrue

Question 5

Lumbar spondylolysis is associated with what characteristics?

Answer 5

familial association, spina bifida occulta, racial/ethnic disparities, gender and locational bias, youthful incidence and activities requiring repetitive stress on the spine

Question 6

What is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 6

men at L5/S1; women at L4/L5

Question 7

What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 7

10-20 year olds

Question 8

What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 8

gymnastics, dance, soccer

Question 9

What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 9

fibrocartilagenous material

Question 10

What name has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 10

spondylolysis ligament

Question 11

What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

Answer 11

nociception, neuromodulation, and autonomic function

Question 12

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 12

a Scotty dog

Question 13

What is the appearance of a defect in the pars interarticularis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 13

a collared scotty dog

Question 14

In an oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of a lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the scotty dog?

Answer 14

the neck of the scotty dog

Question 15

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a scotty dog?

Answer 15

the pedicle

Question 16

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of a scotty dog?

Answer 16

the superior articular process

Question 17

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a scotty dog?

Answer 17

the transverse process

Question 18

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

Answer 18

rare, congenital, gender biased toward men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

Question 19

What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 19

rare in the general population, within typical percents in native alaskan (inuit) population, seems to be acquired, gender biased toward men, most common at S1 and linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning

Question 20

Identify all names given to type 1 spondylolisthesis?

Answer 20

dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis

Question 21

What is the locational bias of type 1 spondylolisthesis?

Answer 21

L5 or upper sacral segments

Question 22

What additional conditions are linked to type 1 spondylolisthesis?

Answer 22

spina bifida occulta and nerve root compression of the S1 nerve

Question 23

What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in Spinal II?

Answer 23

a separation along the pars interarticularis (defect in the pars interarticularis or pars defect)