9/10 Questions Exam 2

Question 1

What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with Type III spondylolisthesis?

Answer 1

degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women
particularly at L4/L5
demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 2

What causes type IV spondylolisthesis?

Answer 2

fracture of the neural arch components

Question 3

What are the cause(s) associated with type V spondylolisthesis?

Answer 3

bone diseases such as paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 4

What determines the length of the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 4

the width of the pedicle

Question 5

What is the average height of the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 5

about 13mm

Question 6

What percent of total vertebral column length does “true” intervertebral foramina height from C2-S1 equal?

Answer 6

40%

Question 7

What percent of total vertebral column length does all intervertebral foramina height from occiput - Co1 equal?

Answer 7

53%

Question 8

What are the generic contents of the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 8

neural tissue
connective tissue
vascular tissue
lymphatic tissue

Question 9

What is the percent of neural tissue inn the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 9

from 8 to 50 %

Question 10

What are the characteristics of the Artery of Adamkiewicz?

Answer 10

it is a left side, anterior medullary feeder artery
located in the T9/T10 intervertebral foramen
the primary vascular supply to the lumbar enlargement

Question 11

What will the intervertebral veins drain into?

Answer 11

the external vertebral venous plexus or Batson’s plexus

Question 12

What is a unique histological feature of the veins of the vertebral column?

Answer 12

they appear to lack valves

Question 13

What size lymphatic vessels lie in the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 13

medium sized lymphatics

Question 14

What type(s) of connective tissue will be present in the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 14

adipose tissue and loose areolar connective tissue

Question 15

What parts of the cervical vertebra will modify the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 15

the lateral groove and uncinate process

Question 16

What happens to cervical nerve roots between their origin from the spinal cord and exit from the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 16

they descend along the spinal cord

Question 17

What is the relationship between aging and cervical spine nerve root characteristics?

Answer 17

the length of the nerve root increases as it descends from its apparent origin on the spinal cord, but the cross-sectional area of the nerve root decreases

Question 18

What is the relationship between aging the cervical spine intervertebral foramen size?

Answer 18

the cross-sectional area diminishes after age50

Question 19

What are the specific attachment sites for a cervical spinal nerve?

Answer 19

the sulcus for the ventral primary ramus on the costotransverse bar and the vertebral artery

Question 20

What contributes to the anterior boundary of the thoracic intervertebral foramen?

Answer 20

the costocentral joint

Question 21

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II sponndylolisthesis?

Answer 21

isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men
located at the L5/S1 level
demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal