9/10 Questions Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with Type III spondylolisthesis?
degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women
particularly at L4/L5
demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal
What causes type IV spondylolisthesis?
fracture of the neural arch components
What are the cause(s) associated with type V spondylolisthesis?
bone diseases such as paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta
What determines the length of the intervertebral foramen?
the width of the pedicle
What is the average height of the intervertebral foramen?
about 13mm
What percent of total vertebral column length does “true” intervertebral foramina height from C2-S1 equal?
40%
What percent of total vertebral column length does all intervertebral foramina height from occiput - Co1 equal?
53%
What are the generic contents of the intervertebral foramen?
neural tissue
connective tissue
vascular tissue
lymphatic tissue
What is the percent of neural tissue inn the intervertebral foramen?
from 8 to 50 %
What are the characteristics of the Artery of Adamkiewicz?
it is a left side, anterior medullary feeder artery
located in the T9/T10 intervertebral foramen
the primary vascular supply to the lumbar enlargement
What will the intervertebral veins drain into?
the external vertebral venous plexus or Batson’s plexus
What is a unique histological feature of the veins of the vertebral column?
they appear to lack valves
What size lymphatic vessels lie in the intervertebral foramen?
medium sized lymphatics
What type(s) of connective tissue will be present in the intervertebral foramen?
adipose tissue and loose areolar connective tissue
What parts of the cervical vertebra will modify the intervertebral foramen?
the lateral groove and uncinate process
What happens to cervical nerve roots between their origin from the spinal cord and exit from the intervertebral foramen?
they descend along the spinal cord
What is the relationship between aging and cervical spine nerve root characteristics?
the length of the nerve root increases as it descends from its apparent origin on the spinal cord, but the cross-sectional area of the nerve root decreases
What is the relationship between aging the cervical spine intervertebral foramen size?
the cross-sectional area diminishes after age50
What are the specific attachment sites for a cervical spinal nerve?
the sulcus for the ventral primary ramus on the costotransverse bar and the vertebral artery
What contributes to the anterior boundary of the thoracic intervertebral foramen?
the costocentral joint
What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II sponndylolisthesis?
isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men
located at the L5/S1 level
demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal
