8/20 Questions Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C7?
backward, upward, medial (BUM)
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C7?
forward, medial, downward (ForMeD)
What muscles will attach to the articular process of C7?
longissimus cervicis
longissimus capitis
semispinalis cervicis
multifidis
What are the features of the spinous process of C7?
long, horizontal, nonbifid
What muscles attach to the spinous process of C7?
trapezius rhomboid minor serratus posterior superior splenius capitis spinalis capitis spinalis cervicis semispinalis thoracis multifidis rotators interspinalis
What ligaments attach to the spinous process of C7?
ligamentum nuchae
interspinous ligaments
The vertebral artery on which side is typically larger?
left vertebral artery
What is the gender bias regarding size of the vertebral artery?
men have larger vertebral arteries than women
What was the name of the physical exam used to determine vertebral artery patency?
the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency test
Which siide artery was tested during the course of the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?
the ipsilateral artery on the side of rotation
What are the symptoms of failure of the vertebral artery to compensate during the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?
dizziness, vertigo, nausea are common complaints
The vertebral artery is typically a branch of which artery?
subclavian artery
Typically, at what vertebral level will the vertebral artery first become located in the transverse foramen?
C6
At what location will the vertebral artery form its first compensatory loop?
the atlanto-axial interspace
At what location will the vertebral artery form its second compensatory loop?
the atlanto-occipital interspace
At what segments will the vertebral artery be firmly attached to the transverse foramen?
both C1 and C2
What is the purpose of the vertebral artery loops between C2, C1, and occiput?
the increased length will accommodate the greater rotation at these locations
What forms the boundaries for the exit of the C1 nerve from the spinal canal?
occipital condyle superior articular process of C1 Capsular ligament arcuate rim groove for the vertebral artery posterior atlanto-occipital ligament
What forms the anterior boundary for the C2 nerve exit from the spinal canal?
inferior articular process of C1
superior articular process of C2
capsular ligament
What forms the posterior boundary for the C2 nerve exit from the spinal canal?
the posterior arch of C1
lamina of C2
posterior atlanto-axial ligament
What forms the anterior boundary for the C3-C7 nerve exit from the spinal canal?
the vertebral bodies intervertebral disc posterior longitudinal ligament uncinate process lateral groove
What muscles attach to the transverse process of C7?
middle scalene iliocostalis thoracis longissimus cervicis semispinalis capitis rotators intertransversarii levator costarum brevis
