8/12 Questions Exam 2

Question 1

What will influence spinal kinematics?

Answer 1

geometry of articular facets, mechanical properties of connective tissue, mechanical properties of muscle

Question 2

The greatest range of flexion - extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

Answer 2

typically C5/C6

Question 3

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

Answer 3

lateral bending and axial rotation

Question 4

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples?

Answer 4

the C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples

Question 5

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

Answer 5

the C5/C6 vertebral couple

Question 6

What is the usual condition for the caucasian typical cervical spinous process?

Answer 6

they are bifid

Question 7

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

Answer 7

they are non-bifid

Question 8

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

Answer 8

the spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators, and interspinalis

Question 9

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 9

the lateral groove and vertebral body of the segment above, the uncinate process and vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc and the posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 10

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

Answer 10

the inferior articular process (post-zygapophysis), the superior articular process (pre-zygapophysis), the capsular ligament and the ligamentum flavum

Question 11

What forms the unique anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen for the C4 spinal nerve?

Answer 11

the lateral groove of C3 and uncinate process of C4 forming the joint of Luschka

Question 12

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

Answer 12

atlas

Question 13

What features are lacking at C1?

Answer 13

vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

Question 14

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1?

Answer 14

the anterior arch

Question 15

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 15

longus colli

Question 16

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 16

the anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occital and anterior atlanto-axial ligament

Question 17

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 17

the fovea dentis

Question 18

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

Answer 18

they are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

Question 19

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

Answer 19

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Question 20

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

Answer 20

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

Question 21

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

Answer 21

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

Question 22

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

Answer 22

backward, medial, downward (BMD)

Question 23

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-axial zygapophysis?

Answer 23

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

Question 24

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

Answer 24

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

Question 25

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

Answer 25

levator scapula, splenius cervicis, and rectus capitis anterior