9/16 Questions Exam 2

Question 1

What segmental levels form the cervical curve?

Answer 1

C2-T1

Question 2

What segmental levels form the lumbar curve?

Answer 2

T12 to L5

Question 3

What is the earliest time of appearance of the cervical curve?

Answer 3

3rd fetal month

Question 4

What is the traditional time of appearance of the cervical curve said to be?

Answer 4

during the last trimester in utero

Question 5

What is the time during which the adult cervical curve is said to appear?

Answer 5

within the first year after birth

Question 6

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical curve?

Answer 6

1. centers for vision and equilibrium will appear in the brain
2. musculature attaching the skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develop
3. the head is held upright
4. the intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior

Question 7

At what age will the infant begin to hold the head erect?

Answer 7

usually between the 3rd and 4th month after birth

Question 8

What is the name given to the integration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect?

Answer 8

the righting reflex

Question 9

What is the location for the apex of the cervical curve?

Answer 9

typically between C4 and C5

Question 10

What is the location for the cervical kyphosis?

Answer 10

between occiput and C1

Question 11

What is the vertebral relationship between the cervical curve and the cervical enlargement?

Answer 11

cervical curve C2-T1; cervical enlargement C3-T1

Question 12

What is the time of appearance of the lumbar curve?

Answer 12

between 12 and 18 months after birth

Question 13

What infant activities are associated with the developmental of the lumbar curve?

Answer 13

crawling and walking

Question 14

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve?

Answer 14

1. crawling will cause the abdomen to put tension on the lumbar region and pulls it forward
2. muscle development is promoted to compensate for the swayback of the lumbars
3. intervertebral disc height will become greater anterior compared to posterior
4. walking will further promote muscle and intervertebral disc development

Question 15

Which sense is a requirement for holding the head erect, standing, sitting, and walking?

Answer 15

vision

Question 16

What is the gender bias associated with lumbar curve convexity?

Answer 16

females have a greater convexity of the lumbar curve

Question 17

What is the vertebral relationship between the lumbar curve and the lumbar enlargement?

Answer 17

lumbar curve T12-L5; lumbar enlargement T9-T12

Question 18

What is the time of appearance of the lateral curves?

Answer 18

they appear after 6 years old

Question 19

What is the relationship between curve direction and handedness?

Answer 19

a right handed person has a high probability for a right thoracic, left lumbar curve combination

Question 20

What names are given to conditions associated with abnormal curves of the vertebral column?

Answer 20

lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis

Question 21

What is the definition of lordosis?

Answer 21

a forward bending condition

Question 22

What is the definition of kyphosis?

Answer 22

a humpback or hunchback condition

Question 23

What is the definition of scoliosis?

Answer 23

a warped or crooked condition

Question 24

What are the curve classifications for military neck?

Answer 24

a kyphosis or hypolordotic curve

Question 25

What are the curve classifications for humpback or hunchback?

Answer 25

a kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve

Question 26

What are the curve classifications for swayback?

Answer 26

a lordosis or hyperlordotic curve

Question 27

What are the names of the anterior curves, secondary curves, and compensatory curves?

Answer 27

cervical curve and lumbar curve