9/15 Questions Exam 2

Question 1

What is the relationship of lumbar nerve root size to intervertebral foramen size above L4?

Answer 1

the nerve root size will account for less than 22% of the available size

Question 2

What is the relationship of lumbar nerve root size to intervertebral foramen size below L4?

Answer 2

the nerve root size will account for up to 30% of the available size

Question 3

Which are the largest spinal nerves?

Answer 3

L5 and S1 spinal nerves

Question 4

What increases the length of the intervertebral foramen at L5?

Answer 4

the lumbosacral tunnel

Question 5

What forms the lumbosacral tunnel?

Answer 5

the lumbosacral ligament, transverse process of L5 and sacral ala

Question 6

What condition is the result of encroachment on the L5 spinal nerve?

Answer 6

the far out syndrome

Question 7

What is the relationship between intervertebral disc herniation and lumbar spinal nerves?

Answer 7

the intervertebral disc above the intervertebral foramen is usually the source of damage

Question 8

What is unusual about the sacral intervertebral foramen compared to other intervertebral foramina?

Answer 8

a completely osseous boundary exists

Question 9

What is more likely the cause of nerve irritation at the sacral intervertebral foramen?

Answer 9

the tilt or position of the entire sacrum relative to the pelvis

Question 10

What is the relationship of lumbar nerve root size to intervertebral foramen size above L4?

Answer 10

the nerve root size will account for less than 22% of the available size

Question 11

What is unique about the relationship of spinal nerve to intervertebral foramen at S5-Co1?

Answer 11

there are two nerves present, S5 nerve and Co1 nerve

Question 12

What are some examples of destructive lesions of the vertebral body?

Answer 12

tuberculosis, hemangiomas, osteoporosis

Question 13

What may reduce the impact of intervertebral disc loss of integrity on the intervertebral foramen in the cervical and thoracic spine?

Answer 13

the joint of Luschka in the cervicals, the costocentral joint in the thoracics

Question 14

What are examples of osteophyte formation that influence the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 14

the bony spurs of the vertebral body and para-articular processes on the lamina

Question 15

What are examples of acquired alterations of the spinal curves identified in class?

Answer 15

obesity, pregnancy and the use of heavy backpacks

Question 16

What is the recommended weight of a backpack compared to individuals weight for the developing spine?

Answer 16

backpack weight should not exceed 10% individual body weight

Question 17

What embryonic event causes the direction of the posterior curve of the vertebral column?

Answer 17

the embryonic disc will undergo flexion in a cranial to caudal direction

Question 18

Why is the posterior curve also called the primary curve?

Answer 18

it is the first curve to appear embryologically

Question 19

What are the adult remnants of the primary curve along the vertebral column?

Answer 19

the thoracic or dorsal curve and the pelvic or sacrococcygeal curve

Question 20

What are the names given to curves that form during development to reverse the direction of regions along the vertebral column?

Answer 20

anterior curve, secondary curve, compensatory curve

Question 21

What is the shape of the lumbar intervertebral foramen?

Answer 21

reniform or earlobe-shaped