[89] Development Gross Motor

Question 1

What is child development?

Answer 1

The process by which the dependant infant matures into the independent adult, functioning within society

Question 2

What factors are involved in child development?

Answer 2

Complex interweaving of biological, psychological, and environmental factors

Question 3

Is development the same in different children?

Answer 3

Development in humans follows a predictable pattern and a rough schedule, but no individual develops exactly the same way

Question 4

What is important, when considering normal development?

Answer 4

Progress and parity - that children are moving forward in different areas of development at roughly the same rate

Question 5

What features of development are concerning?

Answer 5

• Disparity in progress between areas of the body, e.g. right side and left side, lower limbs and upper limbs
• Disparity between domains of development
• Regression

Question 6

What is regression?

Answer 6

Loss of previously attained skills

Question 7

What does gross motor development refer to?

Answer 7

Abilities required for big movements and activities

Question 8

Give 5 examples of gross motor tasks

Answer 8

• Sitting
• Standing
• Walking
• Running
• Climbing stairs

Question 9

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 1 month old?

Answer 9

• Symmetrical movements in all limbs
• Normal muscle tone
• Head lag when pulled up

Question 10

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 3 months old?

Answer 10

• Almost no head lag when pulled to sit

- Lifts head and chest when prone

Question 11

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 6 months?

Answer 11

• Rolls from back to front
• When held, stands and sits with a straight back
• Bears most of own weight

Question 12

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 9 months?

Answer 12

• Sits without support
• Stands holding onto furniture
• Moves around the floor, e.g. wriggling, commando crawling

Question 13

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 12 months?

Answer 13

• Stands without support
• Crawls, bottom shuffles, or ‘bear-walks’
• Cruises along furniture
• May walk unsteadily

Question 14

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 15 months?

Answer 14

• Generally walks without support

- Crawls upstairs

Question 15

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 18 months?

Answer 15

• Walks steadily, stopping safely
• Squats to pick up toy
• Climbs stairs holding a hand or rail

Question 16

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 24 months (2 years)?

Answer 16

• Runs safely
• Throws ball overhand
• Walks up and down stairs, both feet on each step

Question 17

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 30 months?

Answer 17

• Jumps on 2 feet

- Kicks a ball

Question 18

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 36 months (3 years)?

Answer 18

• Walks backwards and sideways
• Rides a tricycle
• Catches a large ball with arms outstretched

Question 19

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 48 months (4 years)?

Answer 19

• Stands, walks, and runs on tiptoes

- Runs up and down stairs

Question 20

What is normal gross motor function in a child of 5 years?

Answer 20

• Hops
• Catches a ball
• Heel-toe walking
• May ride a bike