[87] ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

What does ADHD stand for?

A

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is another name for ADHD?

A

Hyperkinetic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ADHD?

A

A condition characterised by early onset persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How must the traits of ADHD present to be due to ADHD?

A
  • More frequent and severe than in individuals at a comparable stage of development
  • Present in more than one situation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What genes are thought to cause a genetic predisposition for developing ADHD?

A

DRD4 and DRD5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Problems with genes for what proteins have been linked to ADHD?

A

Dopamine system proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the link between genes for the dopamine system and ADHD suggest?

A

There may be potential problems with the dopamine pathway in ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What social aspects does ADHD often have an association with?

A
  • Social deprivation
  • Family conflict
  • Parental cannabis and alcohol exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the risk factors for ADHD?

A
  • Male gender
  • Family history
  • Social deprivation
  • Family conflict
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three key traits of ADHD?

A
  • Inattention
  • Hyperactivity
  • Impulsivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the aspects of inattention that present in ADHD?

A
  • Not listening when spoken to
  • Easily distracted
  • Moves from one thing to the next rapidly
  • Reluctant to engage in activities requiring persistent mental effort
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the aspects of hyperactivity that present in ADHD?

A
  • Restlessness and fidgeting
  • Recklessness
  • Running and jumping around in inappropriate places
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the aspects of impulsivity that may present in ADHD?

A
  • Interrupting others
  • Temper tantrums
  • Aggression
  • Disobedience
  • Running into the street without looking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who is it important to get a history from when assessing for ADHD?

A
  • Parent
  • Child
  • Teacher
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is it important to also take a history from the child’s teacher?

A

Problem behaviors may vary in different setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What investigations may be conducted when assessing ADHD?

A
  • Blood tests
  • Hearing tests
  • Rating scales
17
Q

What blood test is particularly important in ADHD?

A

TFT’s

18
Q

What are the possible differentials for ADHD?

A
  • Learning disability/dyslexia
  • Oppositional defiant disorder
  • Conduct disorder
  • Autism
  • Sleep disorders
  • Mood disorders
  • Anxiety disorders
  • Hearing impairment
19
Q

Who can diagnose ADHD?

A

Specialists only

20
Q

What does the treatment of ADHD depend on?

A

Age of the patient

21
Q

What are the categories of ages ADHD is treated in?

A
  • Pre-school
  • School-age
  • Adult
22
Q

What is the first step to managing ADHD in pre-school children?

A

Parent training and education programmes

23
Q

What does parent training help to achieve?

A

Reinforcing positive behaviour and finding alternative ways of managing disruptive behaviours

24
Q

Are drug treatments recommended in pre-school children?

A

No

25
Q

What should be provided to school-age children?

A
  • Psycho-education
  • CBT
  • Social skills training
26
Q

Is medication given to school-age children?

A

Yes

27
Q

What is the first line medication for severe ADHD in school-age children?

A

Methylphenidate

28
Q

What is methylphenidate?

A

A CNS stimulant

29
Q

What are the possible side-effects of methylphenidate?

A
  • Headache
  • Insomnia
  • Loss of appetite
  • Weight loss