[53] Cystitis Flashcards
What is cystitis?
Inflammation of the urinary bladder that can occur alone or in conjunction with pyelonephritis
What is the most common cause of cystitis?
UTI
Where can UTI’s affect?
Any part of the urinary tract
How do lower UTI’s typically occur?
Pathogens that colonise periurethral areas ascend the urethra to the bladder
Where can pathogens spread to once they reach the bladder?
- Ureters
- Kidneys
- Bloodstream
What is often seen in infants under 2 months with a UTI?
Poor containment of infection and spread to bacteraemia
What organism causes 90% of UTI’s?
E. coli
What other bacteria can cause UTI’s?
- Klebsiella
- Proteus
- Enterococcus
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Group B Strep
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
When are fungi more likely to be the cause of a UTI?
After instrumentation of the urinary tract
What are the risk factors for developing a UTI?
- Antibiotic therapy
- Anatomical abnormalities
- Bowel and urinary bladder dysfunction
- Urinary retention
- VUR
Why can antibiotic therapy increase risk of developing a UTI?
Alters the periurethral flora
What are the signs and symptoms of UTI in a 0-2 month old?
- Jaundice
- Fever
- Failure to thrive
- Poor feeding
- Vomiting
- Irritability
What are the signs and symptoms of UTI in a 2 month - 2 year old?
- Poor feeding
- Vomiting
- Strong smelling urine
- Abdominal pain
- Irritability
What are the signs and symptoms of UTI in a 2-6 year old?
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Fever
- Strong smelling urine
- Enuresis
- Dysuria
- Frequency
- Urgency
What are the signs and symptoms of UTI in a 6+ year old?
- Fever
- Vomiting and abdominal pain
- Strong smelling urine
- Dysuria
- Urgency
- Frequency
- Enuresis