[35] Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
How many children and young people under 19 are there with diabetes in the UK?
About 30,500
Of what type is most childhood diabetes?
Type 1
What happens in type 1 diabetes?
There is destruction of pancreatic ß-cells by an autoimmune process
What plays a role in the development of type 1 diabetes?
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental precipitants
What environmental triggers might contribute to the development of diabetes?
- Enteroviral infections
- Diet
- Over nutrition
How do environmental triggers contribute to the development of diabetes?
Molecular mimicry probably occurs between an environmental trigger and an antigen on the surface of the ß-cells of the pancreas
What is the result of molecular mimcry between an environmental trigger and an antigen on the surface of the ß-cell of the pancreas?
In genetically predisposed individuals, this results in an autoimmune process which damages pancreatic ß-cells and leads to increasing insulin deficiency
What is type 2 diabetes caused by?
Insulin resistance, followed later by ß-cell failure
Who does type 2 diabetes usually occur in?
Older children
What is type 2 diabetes related to?
Obesity
Other than type 1/2 of diabetes, what are the other causes of hyperglycaemia?
- Maturity onset diabetes of the young
- Drugs
- Pancreatic insufficiency
- Endocrine disorders
- Genetic/chromosomal syndromes
- Neonatal diabetes
What is maturity onset diabetes of the young caused by?
Genetic defects in ß-cell function
Give an example of a drug that can cause hyperglycaemia
Corticosteoids
Give 2 examples of causes of pancreatic insufficiency leading to hyperglycaemia?
- CF
- Iron overload in thalassaemia
Give an example of an endocrine disorder that can led to hyperglycaemia?
Cushing’s syndrome