[65] Group B Streptococcal Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What is group B streptococci (GBS) also known as?

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

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2
Q

What kind of bacteria are GBS?

A

Gram +ve

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3
Q

Where does GBS normally colonise?

A
  • Gi tract
  • Perineum
  • Vagina
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4
Q

When can GBS cause invasive infections?

A

Any age, but infections are more common in neonatal period

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5
Q

What infections can GBS cause?

A
  • Sepsis
  • Cellulitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Meningitis
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6
Q

What is generally true of GBS?

A

It is a harmless commensal bacterium

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7
Q

In what % of healthy adults does GBS colonise the GI and GU tract?

A

Up to 30%

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8
Q

How might GBS spread to a baby?

A

When a baby is born, if there is GBS in or around the mother’s vagina, the bacteria may get on the baby’s skin or be in the baby’s mouth and be swallowed

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for GBS infection?

A
  • 0-7 days old
  • Maternal fever during labour
  • Premature rupture of membranes
  • Previous baby with GBS disease
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10
Q

What might GBS infection cause in neonates?

A

Early-onset or late-onset infection and sepsis

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11
Q

What infections might be caused by early-onset GBS infection?

A

Most only have pneumonia, but may cause septicaemia and meningitis

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12
Q

How do neonates with early onset GBS pneumonia present?

A

Respiratory distress

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13
Q

What proportion of infants born to mothers who are colonised by GBS carry the bacterium on their mucous membranes and skin?

A

Up to half

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14
Q

What might carrying GBS on their mucus membranes and skin cause?

A

Late-onset disease

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15
Q

When can late-onset GBS infection present?

A

Up to 3 months of age

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16
Q

How does late-onset GBS infection present?

A

Usually presents as meningitis, or occasionally with focal infection, e.g. osteomyelitis and septic arthritis

17
Q

What investigations are done into GBS infection?

A
  • FBC
  • Serum urea, nitrogen, and creatinine
  • Serum electrolytes
  • Serum glucose
18
Q

What are the differential diagnoses of GBS infection?

A
  • Sepsis caused by other organisms
  • Endocarditis caused by other organisms
  • Neonatal CMV infection
19
Q

How can GBS infection be prevented in the baby?

A

Prophylactic intrapartum antibiotics can be given IB to the mother

20
Q

Who is given GBS prophylaxis in the UK?

A

Only mothers with risk factors for infection

21
Q

What is the management for confirmed GBS meningitis, sepsis, UTI, or pneumonia?

A

Targeted antibiotic therapy

22
Q

What is the first line antibiotic in confirmed GBS meningitis, sepsis, UTI, or pneumonia?

A

Benzylpenicillin or ampicillin, plus gentamicin

23
Q

What is given in addition to antibiotics in confirmed GBS meningitis, sepsis, UTI, or pneumonia?

A

Supportive therapy

24
Q

What is the aim of supportive therapy in GBS meningitis, sepsis, UTI, or pneumonia?

A

Maintain normal respiratory, cardiac, and neurological function

25
Q

What are the potential complications of GBS infection?

A
  • Pneumonia and associated complications
  • Meningitis and associated complications
  • Sepsis and associated complications