8.2a KNOW CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS & THEIR PROPERTIES Flashcards
A01 - 3 FUNCTIONS OF FILMS & COATINGS ON WINDOWS:
- REFLECT SOLAR HEAT BACK OUT
- REFLECT RADIANT HEAT BACK IN
- REDUCE TRANSMISSION OF UV RAYS
A02 - 5 PROS / CONS of SEALED WINDOWS:
+ 2 SURFACES TO CLEAN RATHER THAN 4
+ NO CONDENSATION BTWN GLASS
+ ABILITY TO INCORPORATE •COATINGS•FILMS•GASES
- METAL SPACER = THERM. BRIDGE (can cause condensation along cold perimeter of glass)
- DEFLECTION DUE TO CHANGE IN TEMP. & WIND PRESSURE = COMPRESSION AND TENSION CYCLE ON SEALANT (can cause failure)
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A03 - PROS / CONS of UNSEALED WINDOWS:
+ NO NEED TO BE REPLACED DUE TO CONDENSATION
- CANNOT ACCOMMODATE MANY: •FILMS•COATINGS•GASES
- SEPARATE SASH OPTION TYP. ONLY AVAIL. IN SLIDING
A04 - WHAT WINDOW FRAME TYPE IS BEST FOR HIGH RISE & COMMERCIAL & WHY?
ALUMINUM - b/c they can be designed to meet specific structural requirements
A05 - PROS / CONS OF PVC WINDOWS:
+ LOW MAINTENANCE
+ STABLE IN SALINE / POLLUTED AIR
- STEEL IN SASH / FRAME FOR STABILITY = INCREASED THERM. CONDUCTIVITY
- RISK OF COHESIVE FAILURE @ JOINT
- LIMITED LIGHT TONES b/c of •FADING •EXPANSION DUE TO DIRECT SUN
A06 - What are the nominal brick sizes for:
1 - modular
2 - norman
3 - utility
**nominal brick sizing includes mortar joints
1 - modular 100 x 68 x 205
2 - norman 100 x 68 x 305
3 - utility 100 x 100 x 305
A07 - What are these 3 types of face brick:
1 - FBX
2 - FBS
3 - FBA
1 - FBX = perfect/high degree of uniformity
2 - FBS = wider range of acceptable colour
3 - FBA = desired non-uniformity
A08 - What is efflorescence?
Powdery deposit on face of brick, due to leaching and crystallization of soluble salts within material
Best defence: reduce moisture absorption
A09 List and describe the 6 main varieties of brick. (example: soft mud)
1 - SOFT MUD
• form brick w wet clay (20-30% moist)
2 - SANDSTRUCK (matt texture)
• form w form lined w sand to prevent sticking
3 - WATERSTRUCK (smooth dense surface)
•form lubricated w water
4 - STIFF MUD
• extruding stiff but plastic clay (12-15% moist)
5 - DRY PRESS (sharp edge smooth surface)
• form relatively dry clay (5-7% moist)
A10 What are brick grades a measure of?
Brick grades measure durability when exposed to weathering. According to:
• compressive strength • max H20 absorb • max saturation coefficient
A11 What do the 3 brick grades below indicate:
1 - SW
2 - MW
3 - NW
These grades indicate suitable weather regions
1 - SW = Severe Weather
(min. comp. str. 2500psi)
2 - MW = Moderate Weather
(min. comp. str. 2200psi)
3 - NW = Negligible Weather
(min. comp. str. 1250psi)
A12 In order of highest strength to lowest, list the 3 types of concrete used in concrete masonry units.
- Normal
- Medium
- Lightweight
A13 What do CMU grades indicate?
Suitability for load bearing:
N = Loadbearing below and above grade
S = Loadbearing above grade only
A14 How can you identify if CMUs have been manufactured to have a certain moist. content to prevent shrinking & cracking?
Type 1 = manufacture to have certain moist content
Type 2 = not manuf. to have cert. moist. content
A15 What is the nominal size of a typical CMU block?
8 x 8 x 16”
205 x 205 x 405mm