8.2a KNOW CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS & THEIR PROPERTIES Flashcards

1
Q

A01 - 3 FUNCTIONS OF FILMS & COATINGS ON WINDOWS:

A
  • REFLECT SOLAR HEAT BACK OUT
  • REFLECT RADIANT HEAT BACK IN
  • REDUCE TRANSMISSION OF UV RAYS
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2
Q

A02 - 5 PROS / CONS of SEALED WINDOWS:

A

+ 2 SURFACES TO CLEAN RATHER THAN 4
+ NO CONDENSATION BTWN GLASS
+ ABILITY TO INCORPORATE •COATINGS•FILMS•GASES
- METAL SPACER = THERM. BRIDGE (can cause condensation along cold perimeter of glass)
- DEFLECTION DUE TO CHANGE IN TEMP. & WIND PRESSURE = COMPRESSION AND TENSION CYCLE ON SEALANT (can cause failure)
-

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3
Q

A03 - PROS / CONS of UNSEALED WINDOWS:

A

+ NO NEED TO BE REPLACED DUE TO CONDENSATION

  • CANNOT ACCOMMODATE MANY: •FILMS•COATINGS•GASES
  • SEPARATE SASH OPTION TYP. ONLY AVAIL. IN SLIDING
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4
Q

A04 - WHAT WINDOW FRAME TYPE IS BEST FOR HIGH RISE & COMMERCIAL & WHY?

A

ALUMINUM - b/c they can be designed to meet specific structural requirements

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5
Q

A05 - PROS / CONS OF PVC WINDOWS:

A

+ LOW MAINTENANCE
+ STABLE IN SALINE / POLLUTED AIR
- STEEL IN SASH / FRAME FOR STABILITY = INCREASED THERM. CONDUCTIVITY
- RISK OF COHESIVE FAILURE @ JOINT
- LIMITED LIGHT TONES b/c of •FADING •EXPANSION DUE TO DIRECT SUN

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6
Q

A06 - What are the nominal brick sizes for:
1 - modular
2 - norman
3 - utility

A

**nominal brick sizing includes mortar joints
1 - modular 100 x 68 x 205
2 - norman 100 x 68 x 305
3 - utility 100 x 100 x 305

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7
Q

A07 - What are these 3 types of face brick:
1 - FBX
2 - FBS
3 - FBA

A

1 - FBX = perfect/high degree of uniformity
2 - FBS = wider range of acceptable colour
3 - FBA = desired non-uniformity

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8
Q

A08 - What is efflorescence?

A

Powdery deposit on face of brick, due to leaching and crystallization of soluble salts within material

Best defence: reduce moisture absorption

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9
Q

A09 List and describe the 6 main varieties of brick. (example: soft mud)

A

1 - SOFT MUD
• form brick w wet clay (20-30% moist)
2 - SANDSTRUCK (matt texture)
• form w form lined w sand to prevent sticking
3 - WATERSTRUCK (smooth dense surface)
•form lubricated w water
4 - STIFF MUD
• extruding stiff but plastic clay (12-15% moist)
5 - DRY PRESS (sharp edge smooth surface)
• form relatively dry clay (5-7% moist)

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10
Q

A10 What are brick grades a measure of?

A

Brick grades measure durability when exposed to weathering. According to:
• compressive strength • max H20 absorb • max saturation coefficient

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11
Q

A11 What do the 3 brick grades below indicate:
1 - SW
2 - MW
3 - NW

A

These grades indicate suitable weather regions
1 - SW = Severe Weather
(min. comp. str. 2500psi)

2 - MW = Moderate Weather
(min. comp. str. 2200psi)

3 - NW = Negligible Weather
(min. comp. str. 1250psi)

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12
Q

A12 In order of highest strength to lowest, list the 3 types of concrete used in concrete masonry units.

A
  • Normal
  • Medium
  • Lightweight
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13
Q

A13 What do CMU grades indicate?

A

Suitability for load bearing:
N = Loadbearing below and above grade
S = Loadbearing above grade only

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14
Q

A14 How can you identify if CMUs have been manufactured to have a certain moist. content to prevent shrinking & cracking?

A

Type 1 = manufacture to have certain moist content

Type 2 = not manuf. to have cert. moist. content

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15
Q

A15 What is the nominal size of a typical CMU block?

A

8 x 8 x 16”

205 x 205 x 405mm

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16
Q

A16 Steel is defined as various iron based alloys w carbon content ____ than cast iron & ____ than wrought iron.

A

less carbon content than cast iron

more carbon content than wrought iron

17
Q

A17 Steel is incombustible but ductile and loses strength at temperatures over:

A

520 deg C

18
Q

A18 List 3 ways steel can be protected from oxidization

A
  • painted
  • galvanized
  • treated
19
Q

A19 What are the 2 main types of steel? Describe their properties.

A

1 - CARBON
- unalloyed
- residual elements controlled
**more carbon = less ductility/weldability
2 - ALLOY
- carbon steel w other elements added to obtain particular physical/chemical properties

20
Q

A20 What are these 4 types of steel composed of and what is their function?

1 - STAINLESS
2 - HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY
3 - WEATHERING STEEL
4 - TUNGSTEN STEEL

A

1 - STAINLESS (min. 12% chromium)
= highly resist. to corrosion

2 - HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY
• low carbon w <2% alloy
= high strength/ductility + low corrosion

3 - WEATHERING STEEL
• forms an oxide coating when exposed to rain/moisture
= protects from further corrosion

4 - TUNGSTEN STEEL
• contains 10-20% tungsten
= increased hardness + heat retention

21
Q

A21 There are Ferrous metals other than steel, describe just 2 of them:
1 - Cast Iron
2 - Wrought Iron

A

1 - CAST IRON
• hard • brittle • cast in sand • ornamental
2 - WROUGHT IRON
• soft = readily forged & welded

22
Q

A22 List 3 main NONferrous metals.

A

*nonferrous = metals containing no iron
1 - Aluminum
2 - Copper
3 - Brass

23
Q

A23 What are the advantages(4) of Aluminum and largely how is it used?

A
1 - Ductile
2 - Malleable
3 - Light
4 - Natural Corrosion resistance
(can be improved by anodizing)
Wide use as 2nd building elements:
• windows
• door frames
• flashing
• trim
24
Q

A24 What MUST always be separate from aluminum and why?

A

Other metals and alkaline matter:
• wet concrete
• mortar
• plaster

To prevent GALVANIC ACTION!

25
Q

A25 What are the advantages(4) of Copper and largely how is it used?

A

1 - Ductile
2 - Malleable
3 - Resistance to corrosion (roofing/flashing)

Wide Use:
•roofing/flashing
• wiring
• piping
• manufacture of alloys (bronze/brass)
26
Q

A26 What is GALVANIC ACTION?

A

Occurs between 2 dissimilar metals if enough moisture for electric current to flow.
• tends to corrode the more noble metal and plate the least noble:

Corrode Noble
(gold, titanium, stainless, bronze)
Plate Least Noble
(Zinc, Aluminum, Cast Iron, Nickel)

27
Q

A27 With high and low pressure on either side of a wall, which way is the moisture in air likely to move?

A

1 - It will always migrate towards the lower air pressure.

28
Q

A28 Define:
1 - Air Vapour Barrier
2 - Vapour Retarder
3 - Moisture Barrier

A

1 - Air Vapour Barrier
• material of low permeance
• prevents moist. from entering /condensing

2 - Vapour Retarder
• vapour resistant material of <1 perm
(can apply to gwb!)
• 3 classes (nearly impervious, <1 perm, 1-10 perms)

3 - Moisture Barrier
• typically used below slab to prevent ingress of ground moisture

29
Q

A29 What are the advantages of ceramic tile? (5)

A
\+ durable
\+ dense 
\+ water resistant
\+ easy to clean 
\+ colours do not fade
30
Q

A30 What are the advantages of Resilient Flooring?

A
\+ economical
\+ dense
\+ non-absorbant
\+ durable
\+ easy to maintain
31
Q

A31 List some of the most common types of resilient (can restore their shape) floors:

A
1 - sheet vinyl
2 - vinyl comp. tile
3 - cork tile
4 - cork tile w vinyl coat
5 - rubber tile
6 - linoleum sheet 
7 - linoleum tile
32
Q
A32 Describe these 5 types of carpet:
1 - tufted
2 - woven
3 - knitted
4 - fusion bonded
5 - flocked carpet
6 - needle punched
A

1 - tufted
• stitch yarn through fabric @ back
2 - woven
• interweave backing /pile yarns in a loom
3 - knitted
• looping the backing, stitching, and pile yarns w 3 sets of needles
4 - fusion bonded
•heat fuse to vinyl back
5 - flocked carpet
• loops of backing/stitching . pile yarns
6 - needle punched

33
Q

A33 What would the highest quality grade be for SOFTWOOD and HARDWOOD VENEERS?

A

SOFTWOOD
N - select, smooth surface for natural finishes

HARDWOOD
Premium grade - permits only a few small buts, knots and inconspicuous patches.