8.2.3 Gene Expression + Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
What tumours are non-cancerous
A
Benign
2
Q
What tumours are cancerous
A
Malignant
3
Q
Key difference between benign and malignant tumours
A
- Malignant thumours can spread / metastasize
- Benign tumours don’t spread / metastasize
4
Q
Less key comparisons between benign and maliganat tumours
A
- Benign are less likely to reoccur, malignant are more likely to re-occur
- Benign have slower growth, malignant have rapid growth
5
Q
Explain how epigenetic modification of tumour supressor gene can lead to cancer
A
- Increased methylation
- Gene not transcribed (gene inactivated)
- Protein not produced that prevents cell division
- Results in uncontrolled cell division/mitosis
6
Q
Apart form epigenetic modifcation, what is a cause of cancer regarding tumour suppressent gene
A
Mutation in gene
7
Q
Explain how epigenetic changes to oncogenes can cause cancer
A
- Decreased methylation
- Gene transcribed rapidly (gene overactivated)
- Increased production of protein that stimulates cell division
- Resulting in uncontrolled cell division/mitosis
8
Q
Apart from epigenetic causes, what can cause cancer regarding oncogenes
A
Mutation in gene
9
Q
Describe and explain how increased oestorgen concentration can lead to the formation of tumours
A
- Increased activation of transcription factors
- More rapid transription of genes associated with cell division (oncogenes)
- More rapid cell division of oestrogen producing cells
- Positive feedback
