2.1.1 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Phrase to describe permeability of the cell membrane

A

Partially permeable

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2
Q

Describe the apperance of the nucleus

A
  • Strands of linear DNA wrapped around histones (chromosomes)
  • Surrounded by a double membrane
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3
Q

Role of nucleus

A

Stores DNA, which codes for proteins and functional RNA’s

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4
Q

What organelle contains a nucleolus, and what is it’s function and role

A
  • Nucleus
  • Dense reigon of DNA and protein
  • Synthesises ribosomes
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5
Q

Describe the apperance of the mitochondria

A
  • Rod-shaped
  • Outer-membrane
  • Inner membrane folded into cristae
  • Contains a fluid matrix
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6
Q

Does the nucleus have a double or single membrane

A

Double

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7
Q

Does the mitochondria have a double or single membrane

A

Double

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8
Q

Role of the mitochondria

A
  • Site of aerobic respiration
  • Releasing ATP
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9
Q

What does the fluid matrix of the mitochondria contain

A
  • Enzymes
  • 70s ribosomes
  • Circular DNA
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10
Q

Draw and label a mitochondria

A
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11
Q

Describe the apperance of chloroplasts

A
  • Disc-shaped
  • Double membrane surrounding a fluid stroma
  • Contains stacks of thylakoids which hold chlrophyll
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12
Q

What does the fluid stroma of a chloroplast contain

A
  • Enzymes
  • 70s ribosomes
  • Circular DNA
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13
Q

Does the chloroplast have a double or single membrane

A

Double

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14
Q

Describe the function of chloroplasts

A
  • Chlorophyll absorb light energy
  • Site of photosynthesis
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15
Q

Draw and label a chloroplast

A
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16
Q

Describe the apperance of the cell wall in plants

A

Cross-linked cellulose fibres

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17
Q

Desribe the functions of the cell wall

A
  • Middle lamellae betwen cells attach adjacent cells together
  • Prevents cells bursting due to osmotic pressure
  • Allow water to pass through
18
Q

What is the cell wall made of in fungi

19
Q

What is the cell wall made of in algae

A

Cellulose and glycoproteins

20
Q

Role of Golgi Apparatus (and Golgi Vesicles)

A
  • Modifies proteins and lipids by combining them with other proteins, lipids or carbohydrates
  • Packages molecules into vesicles for transport
  • Vesicles transport molecules for release from the cell
21
Q

Draw a Golgi Apparatus

22
Q

Does the Golgi Apparatus have a double or single membrane

23
Q

Describe the apperance of a lysosome

A
  • Single membrane spheres
  • Contianing hydrolytic enzymes
24
Q

Describe role of lysosomes

A

Digest pathogens and damaged organelles

25
Does the lysosome have a double or single membrane
Single
26
Draw a lysosome
27
Composition of ribosome
Large and small subunit
28
Function of ribosome
Site of **protein synthesis**
29
Where are ribosomes found
In the cytoplasm, or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
30
What are ribosomes made of
Protein and rRNA
31
Function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Site of protein synthesis (as ribosomes on outer surface)
32
Role of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids
33
Describe the apperance of the cell vacuole
Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a **single-membrane**
34
Role of cell vacuole
* Temporary food store * Help maintain turgor pressure
35
Does the cell vacuole have a double or single membrane
Single
36
In what ways can a cell specialise
* **Changes in shape** * **Membranes fold** to increase surface area * **Increase number of specific organelles** that link to it's function
37
Define tissue
Group of cells that work together to perform a specific function
38
Define organ
Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
39
Define organ system
Group of organs that work together to perfom a specific function
40
Type of ribosomes in eukaryotes
80s
41
What non-organelle structure typically shows in a microscope image of a chloroplast
Starch grains
42
What pigment does chloroplasts contain
Chlorophyll