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A-LEVEL BIOLOGY > 4.1 DNA, Genes + Chromosomes > Flashcards

4.1 DNA, Genes + Chromosomes Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes: Length

A

Longer vs shorter

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2
Q

DNA in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes: Shape

A

Linear vs circular

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3
Q

DNA in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes: number of strands per cell

A

Multiple strands vs 1 strand

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4
Q

DNA in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes: Association with proteins

A

Histones vs no

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5
Q

DNA in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes: All coding DNA?

A

No (has introns) vs Yes

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6
Q

What are chromosomes

A

A DNA molecule associated around histone proteins

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7
Q

What type of DNA do mitochondria and chloroplasts contain

A

Prokaryotic

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8
Q

Define a gene

A

A sequence of DNA bases that codes for a polypeptide

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9
Q

What is the name of the place where a gene occupies a fixed position on a chromosome

A

Locus

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10
Q

What is a locus

A

The fixed position that a gene occupies on a chromosome

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11
Q

How is DNA read

A

In triplets

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12
Q

How many bases of DNA is a triplet

A

3

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13
Q

What does each triplet code for

A

An amino-acid

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14
Q

3 bases is what in a mRNA and anti-tRNA

A

Codon and Anti-codon

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15
Q

What does DNA being described as Universal mean

A

The same triplets code for the same amino acids in all species

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16
Q

What does DNA being described as Degenerate mean

A

Many different triplets code for 1 amino-acid

17
Q

What does DNA being described as Non-Overlapping mean

A

Each base is only part of 1 triplet

18
Q

In eukaryotes, does all the DNA code for polypeptides

A
  • No
  • Exons do
  • Introns don’t
19
Q

In eukaryotes, when are the introns removed

A

Splicing of pre-mRNA

20
Q

How does a gene code for the production of a polypeptide

A
  • The gene contains a sequence of DNA bases
  • 3 bases are a triplet
  • DNA is read in triplets
  • Each triplet codes for an amino-acid
  • Triplets determine the order and sequence of amino-acids in the polypeptide

A-LEVEL BIOLOGY (34 decks)

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