8.2.2 Regulation of Transcription + Translation

Question 1

Define epigenetics

Answer 1

Heritable changes in gene function, without changing the base sequence of DNA

Question 2

What biological molecule is a transcription factor

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

How is transcription regulated

Answer 3

• Transcription factor binds to DNA at promotor reigon
• Initiate transcription, as allows RNA polymerase to bind

Question 4

Describe and explain how oestrogen affects the rate of transcription

Answer 4

• Binds to inactive transcription factor
• Changes teritary structure, exposing DNA binding site
• Activated transcription factor binds to **promoter reigon **
• Initiates transcription, allowing RNA polymerase to bind

Question 5

What does oestrogen bind to

Answer 5

Inactive transcription factor

Question 5

Effect of increased methylation on transcription

Answer 5

Prevents

Question 6

Effect of decreased methylation on transcription

Answer 6

Increases rate

Question 7

Effect of increased acetylation on transcription

Answer 7

Increases rate

Question 8

Effect of decreased acetylation on transcription

Answer 8

Prevents

Question 9

Methylation is the addition of what group

Answer 9

-CH3

Question 10

Where does methyl groups bind to in methylation

Answer 10

DNA (cytosine base)

Question 11

Where do acetyl groups bind to in acetylation

Answer 11

Histone proteins

Question 12

What group is added in acetylation

Answer 12

-C2H5

Question 13

Describe and explain the regulation of translation

Answer 13

• Short interfering RNA (siRNA) binds to specific base sequence on mRNA
• Prevents ribosome binding
• Translation cannot occur