Exam 3 - Lymphatic System Flashcards
What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?
to drain the leftover lymph that the blood vessels did not
What are the two components of the lymphatic system?
the cellular component and the vascular component
What are the types of cells in the cellular component of the lymphatic system?
fixed cells and mobile cells
Where are the fixed cells of the lymphatic system located?
thymus, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, diffused lymphatic tissue of intestines and other viscera
What are the types of mobile cells in the lymphatic system?
lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells
How does lymph move into the lymphatic vessels?
by the pressure created by skeletal muscle contraction around the lymph vessels
What does not have lymphatic tissue?
bone, cartilage, and epithelium
How does lymph gain access to into general circulation?
by suction effect of venous return in the cranial vena cava
What prevents retrograde flow?
valves within the lymphatic vessels
What is a primary lymph nodule?
a lymphocyte accumulation in the form of spherical lymphoid colonies in lamina propria of the mucous membranes of respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tract under normal physiological condition
What is a secondary lymph node?
characterized by reaction centers; upon exposure to an immunogen or a foreign substance
What are the lymphatic organs?
spleen, thymus, hemal nodes, lymph nodes, and tonsils
What is a lymph center/regional lymph node?
a lymph node or group of lymph noes that receive lymph from an organ or a region that they occur in
What is edema caused by?
improper lymph drainage leading to infection or inflammation of the organ
What are the regional lymph nodes of the head?
parotid lymph node, mandibular lymph node, buccal lymph node, lateral retropharyngeal lymph node, medial retropharyngeal lymph node
Where is the parotid lymph node located?
at the cranial border of the parotid salivary gland a the base of the external ear; caudal to the masseter
What does the parotid lymph node drain lymph from?
the dorsal half of the head, eye, ear, nasal cavity, and associated muscles
Where is/are the mandibular lymph nodes located?
at the angle of the mandibule ventro-cranial to the mandibular salivary gland on either side of the facial vein; adjacent to the ventral border of the masseter
What is the function of the mandibular lymph node?
drains lymph from the lower jaw, the tongue and associated muscles, the oral cavity and the muscles of mastication
What lymph node is always seen in cats but rarely seen in dogs?
the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node
What does the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node drain from?
the dorsal aspect of the neck, ear, eyelids, and salivary glands
Where is the medial retropharyngeal lymph node located?
behind the parotid salivary gland and dorsomedial to the mandibular salivary gland
Where is the medial retropharyngeal lymph node palpated at?
ventrolateral to the wing of the atlas
What are the regional lymph nodes of the neck region?
deep cervical lymph node, superficial cervical lymph node
Where is the superficial cervical lymph node located?
at the cranial border of the scapula in a triangular space between the omotransversarius, the trapezius, and the brachiocephalicus
What does the superficial cervical lymph node drain?
superficial neck region at the dorsal aspect of the pectoral girdle
What does the right efferent duct drain into?
the right tracheal trunk to form the right lymphatic duct
What does the left efferent duct drain into?
the thoracic duct
What are the regional lymph nodes of the thorax?
dorsal thoracic lymph node, ventral thoracic lymph nodes, cranial mediastinal lymph node, bronchial and tracheal lymph nodes
Where is the caudal sternal lymph node located if present?
at the apex of the pericardium
Where is the cranial sternal lymph node located?
at the 2nd interchondral space, ventrolateral to the internal thoracic artery or vein
What does the cranial sternal lymph node drain from?
the lateral wall and floor of the thorax from the abdominal floor to the right lymphatic duct
Where is the cranial mediastinal lymph node located?
by the brachiocephalic trunk located near the base of the heart at the junction of the great blood vessels, esophagus, and trachea
What does the cranial mediastinal lymph node drain from?
the cranial mediastinum and thoracic inlet
What does the cranial medialstinal lymph node drain into?
thoracic duct or left tracheal lymph duct
Where are the tracheobronchial lymph nodes located?
at the bifurcation of the trachea; often seen at the junction of the left bronchus, thoracic aorta and the esophagus
Where does the tracheobronchial lymph node drain lymph from?
the cranial mediastinum and thoracic inlet
What does the tracheobronchial lymph node drain into?
the thoracic duct of left tracheal lymph duct
Where are the axillary lymph nodes located?
between the brachial plexus and blood vessels
Where does the axillary lymph node drain from?
the thoracic limbs, thoracic girdle, first 3 pairs of the mammary glands
Where are the lumbar aortic lymph lodes located?
in between the abdominal aorta and the caudal vena cava
What does the lumbar aortic lymph node drain lymph from?
the verterbral column
What does the lumbar aortic lymph node drain into?
the thoracic duct via the lumbar lymphatic duct
Where are the renal lymph nodes located?
between the renal artery and vein
Where do the renal lymph nodes drain into?
the thoracic duct
What lymph nodes are included in the celiac lymph center?
the gastric, hepatic, splenic, and pancreatiocoduodenal
What does the celiac lymph center drain into?
the cisterna chyli
What is the cysterna chyli?
the enlarged part of the opening of the thoracic duct
What lymph nodes are part of the cranial mesenteric lymph center?
jejunal and colic lymph nodes
What does the cranial mesenteric lymph center drain to?
the cisterna chyli
Where are the medial iliac lymph nodes located?
between the external iliac and the deep circumflex iliac arteries
What does the medial iliac lymph node drain from?
the sublumbar, craniolateral pelvic wall and thigh, the base of the tail and abdominal wall and reproductive region
What does the medial iliac lymph node drain into?
the cisterna chyli
Where are the internal iliac lymph nodes located?
between the internal iliac and median sacral arteries
What do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain lymph from?
the sublumbar and urogenital organs
What do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain into?
cisterna chyli
Where is the popliteal lymph node located?
caudal to the stifle joint in between the tendons of the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus
Where does the superficial inguinal lymph node lay?
in the fat between the abdominal muscles at the external inguinal ring
In the male, where is the superficial inguinal lymph node located?
dorsolateral to the penis at the level of the bulbus glandis
What drains into the thoracic duct?
the lymph from the abdomen, pelvis, pelvic limb, and caudal two pairs of the mammary glands
When does the thoracic duct become the thoracic duct?
when it goes through the aortic hiatus
What drains into the right lymphatic duct?
the head, neck, right thoracic limb, right side of the thoracic mammary glands
What are the tracheal trunks?
the efferents from the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
Where does the left tracheal trunk join?
the thoracic duct
Where does the right tracheal trunk join?
the right lymphatic duct
What is the right lymphatic duct formed by?
the right tracheal trunk, efferent lymphatics from the right superficial cervical, axillary, and thoracic lymph nodes
Where does the right lymphatic duct empty into?
either right subclavian, or the cranial vena cava
