7 Skeletal System (Lecture) Flashcards
Bones store 2 types of calcium
Calcium phosphate (hard) and calcium carbonate (soft)
bone marrow makes…
RBC & WBC
The diaphysis of the bone is
the shaft
The epiphysis of the bone is
rounded ends with articular surface
The medullary canal of the bone is
the center
*What type of bone is hard
cortical
*What is an osteoid
non-mineralized bone - catilage
*What is the thin covering over a bone that contains nerves
periosteum
***XXX Laminar lamella
flat curved outside of bone
*What do you call a system of rings of bone around a vessel
Osteon
*Chambers that hold a bone cell
lucuna
***XXX microscopic cracks in lamella
Canalliculi
*partially digested osteon
interstitial lamella
*perforating canals (horizontal on bone model)
Volkmans canals
*circular osteonic canals (vertical on bone model)
Haversian canals
Cancellous bone is
spongy
between bone and marrow
endosteum
rods of bone covered by endosteum
trabeculae
Bone marrow has red parts and yellow parts
Red are WBC & RBC yellow is Adipose
Osteoprogenitor
stem cell that makes bone
***XXX Osteoblasts
Bone making
***XXX Osteoclasts
Bone dissolving
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
*Appositional growth
makes bone thicker
*Interstitial growth
lengthens bones
***XXX In the Epiphyseal growth plates the non-dividing catilage cells are
the Resting Zone
*In the Epiphyseal growth plates the growth zone is
cartilage cells begin to divide rapidly any place where a bone grows (growth plate)
*In the Epiphyseal growth plates transformation zone is
catilage cells begin to die
*In the Epiphyseal growth plates osteogenic zone is
osteoblasts migrate to empty spaces
***XXX Epiphyseal lines are
dormant growth plates
- Nutrient arteries
enter from outside the bone marrow. enter through an opening called the nutrient foramen
*Periosteal arteries
never enter a bone
***XXX Metaphyseal Arteries
supply a growth plate
- Epiphyseal ateries
joints supplied with blood
***XXX Axial skeleton includes
Head Spine Ribs
Neurocranial bones are
bones that protect the brain
Bones of the neurocrainium 8 total
1 ethmoid bone,1 frontal bone, 1 occipital bone,
2 parietal bones, 1 sphenoid bone,
2 temporal bones
Which bone of the neurocranium has a Zygomatic process, styloid process, mastoid process, and an external acoustic canal.
Temporal bone
Which bone of the neurocrainium has a foramen magnum, & occipital condyles
Occipital bone
What do the occipital condyles do
they articulate with the spine
Which bone of the neurocrainium has a sinus and a fossa for the pituitary
Spenoid
Which bone of the neurocrainium contains the cribriform plate, the olfactory foramina, crista gali, and the perpendicualr plate
Ethmoid bone
Bones that make up the Viscerocranium (Facial bones)
Lacrimal bones, Mandible, Maxilla, Nasal bones, Palatine bones, Vomer,
Zygomatic bones
Which bones of the Viscerocranium make up the orbital complex.
Frontal, Maxilla, Zygomatic, Lacrimal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Palatine.
What is the vertical part of the mandible called?
Mandibular Ramus
Which part of the mandible articulates with the maxilla
Mandibular condyles
***XXX Where is the coronoid process of the mandible
just anterior to the mandibular condyles
What do you call the horizontal part of the mandible that holds teeth
Mandibular body
What do you call the point of the chin
Mentum of mandible
Where is the nasion suture
between nasal bone and fronal bone
Where is the pterion suture
between sphenoidal and parietal bones
Paranasal sinuses are air filled and come in pairs they are
Frontal, Maxillary, Ethmoid, and Sphenoid
26 Vertebral bones
Atlas, Axis, 5 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
How many vertebra are in the cervical spine
7
How many vertebra are in the thoracic spine
12
How many vertebra are in the Lumbar spine
5
What movements are the cervical vertebra capable of
Flexing and rotating
What movements are the throacic vertebra capable of
Rotating, NO Flexing
What movements are the lumbar vertebra capable of
Flexing, NO Rotating
When does a person acquire the primary curvatures of the spine
born with
When does a person acquire the secondary curvatures of the spine
Cervical when baby holds head up. Lumbar when baby sits.
What are the primary curves of the spine?
Thoracic and sacral
What are the secondary curves of the spine?
Cervical and Lumbar
Which piece of the spine marks the center of gravity of a human being
Sacral prominatory of the sacrum
Appendicular Skeleton includes
shoulder pelvis arms and legs
What bones make up the pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
Which part of the humerus is a distal lateral round knob that aticulates with the radius
Capitulum
Which part of the humerus is a distal medial hour glass shaped that articulates with the ulna
Trochlea
Which part of the humerus is a distal and posterior fossa that holds the elbow when you extend your arm
Olecranon fossa
What notch is below the illium and above the ischial spine
Greater Sciatic notch
What notch is just below the greater sciatic notch
Lesser Sciatic notch
What bone of the foot bears all the weight
Talus
What is another name for the Calcaneal Tendon
Achilles tendon
what type of joint does not move
synthroses skull
what type of joint only moves a small amount
Amphiarthroses spine
what type of joint is freely moveable
Diathroses knee
What type of joint had protien fibers knit two bones together
Fibrous (suture) skull
What type of joint has large amounts of cartilage
Cartilagenous Spine discs
What type of joint is filled with fluid
Synovial knee
