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Anatomy > 17 Digestive (Lecture) 7 > Flashcards

17 Digestive (Lecture) 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Ingestion

A

Intake of food and water but also the drive to eat

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2
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of food and nutrients

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3
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

muscle action chewing and stomach muscles

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4
Q

Chemical digestion

A

enzymes that break down food

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5
Q

Absorption

A

movement of nutrients into the blood

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6
Q

Secretion 7 liters per day

A

saliva, stomach acid, enzymes, bile, mucus

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7
Q

Excretion

A

elimination of waste products

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8
Q

Motility (1-2 days)

A

muscle action of digestive tract

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9
Q

How many days for food to pass

A

1-2

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10
Q

*Alimentary Canal

A

mouth to anus

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11
Q

*GI tract

A

stomach to anus

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12
Q

*Digestive organs

A

segments of digestive tract

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13
Q

*Accessory digestive organs

A

salivary glands, pancrease, liver, gallbladder

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14
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

part of the ANS that controls the digestive tract

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15
Q

*Visceral Motor

A

Parasympathetic increases digestion (rest and digest)

Sympathetic decreases digestion (fight or flight)

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16
Q

Visceral sensory

A

usually not conscious of

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17
Q

Peritoneal membranes

A

parietal and visceral

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18
Q

Parietal

A

attaches to abdominal wall

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19
Q

Visceral

A

attaches to outside of digestive tract

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20
Q

Mesenteries

A

membranes that hold the intestines in position

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21
Q

*Mesentery proper

A

holds small intestines in place

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22
Q

*Mesocolon

A

holds large intestines inplace

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23
Q

*Greater omentum

A

begins at stomach drapes down over abdomen, then it projects all the way back up again connects to large bowel.

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24
Q

*Lesser omentum

A

mesentary between stomach and liver

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25
Q

Layers esophagus through large intestines

A

Mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis, and serosa

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26
Q

Mucosa

A

Epithelium- columnar
Lamina propria- contains many capillaries that absorb nutrients
Muscularis mucosa-a layer of smooth muscle

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27
Q

Sub-Mucosa

A

a bunch of elastic connective tissue

Sub-mucosal plexus - mostly visceral sensory nerves

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28
Q

Muscularis

A

thick layer of smooth muscle that control motility

Myenteric plexus- all ANS motor nerves

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29
Q

Serosa

A

another name for visceral peritonial membranes

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30
Q

Mastication

A

chewing

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31
Q

Dentition

A

full set of teeth

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32
Q

Decidous (primary) dentition

A

Child 20 teeth

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33
Q

Dental succession

A

baby teeth fall out, adult teeth come in

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34
Q

Permanent (secondary) dentition

A

Adult 32 teeth

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35
Q

Incisors

A

front blade teeth 1 root 0 cusps

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36
Q

Cuspids

A

only found in carnavores used for piercing meat 1 root 1 cusp

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37
Q

Bicuspids

A

grinding teeth 2 root 2 cusps

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38
Q

Molars

A

grinding teeth 3-5 roots multiple cusps

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39
Q

Quadrants of teeth

A

4 quad top bottom L R

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40
Q

Each adult quad has how many teeth

A

8 2Incisor 1Cuspid 2Bicuspid 3Molar

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41
Q

Each child quad has how many teeth

A

5 1Incisor 1Cuspid 2Molar

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42
Q

Palatoglossal Arch

A

1st arch anterior boarder between oral cavity and throat

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43
Q

Palatopharyngeal Arch

A

posterior arch touch this with finger and you will puke

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44
Q

Fauces

A

narrowest portion of pharnyx

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45
Q

Deglutination

A

swallowing reflex

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46
Q

Common passage way

A

for food and air

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47
Q

Esophagus

A

is a tube that connects the throat to the stomach

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48
Q

UES

A

upper esophageal sphincter 1 of 6 sphincters

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49
Q

Hiatus

A

opening in the diaphram for esophagus

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50
Q

LES

A

lower esphageal sphinter cardiac sphincter 2 of 6 sphincters. Gaurds entrance to stomach

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51
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

muscles in the stomach

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52
Q

Chemical digestion

A

the action of pepsin

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53
Q

Chyme

A

food, saliva, stomach acid, enzymes

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54
Q

Secretion of intrinsic factor

A

Absorbtion of vitamin B-12

55
Q

stomach defends how

A

acid

56
Q

Cardia

A

entryway into the stomach

57
Q

Z line

A

boarder between esophagus and stomach

58
Q

Fundus

A

upper dome shaped portion

59
Q

Body of the Stomach

A

verticle part this is where most of the acid comes from

60
Q

Pylorus

A

horizontal part where acid secretion stops. Does secret pepsin

61
Q

Pyloric antrum

A

wedge before pyloric canal

62
Q

Pyloric canal

A

where stomach narrows

63
Q

Pyloric valve

A

3 of 6 sphincters

64
Q

Lesser curvature

A

superior curve

65
Q

Greater curvature

A

inferior curve

66
Q

Rugae

A

ridges that allow the stomach to expand and contract

67
Q

*Gastric Pits are comprised of

A

Parietal cells, Cheif cells, Goblet cells, G cells

68
Q

*Parietal cells

A

acid making cells also secrete intrinsic factor

69
Q

*Cheif cells

A

cells that make pepsin

70
Q

*Goblet cells

A

mucus making cells

71
Q

*G cells

A

gastrin making cells

72
Q

Small intestines

A

20 - 32 feet

73
Q

Duodenum

A

about 10 inches long wraps round the pancrease Duodenum recieves digestive enzymes from pancrease

74
Q

CCK

A

choleoystoskinin-a hormone that is secreted by cells in the duodenum and stimulates the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas.

75
Q

Secretin

A

a hormone released into the bloodstream by the duodenum (esp. in response to acidity) to stimulate secretion by the liver and pancreas.

76
Q

*Jejunum

A

where absorption of nutrients begins

77
Q

*80% of absorption…

A

occurs by difusion

78
Q

*Plicaie

A

visable ridges inside small intestine they increase the surface area

79
Q

*Villi

A

are microscopic projections on the plicae

80
Q

*Blood capillary

A

absorbs 3 of the 4 organic compounds protien carbs and nucleic acids

81
Q

*Lacteal

A

lymph capillary absorbs lipids

82
Q

*Microvilli

A

projections of the cell membranes also increase surface area

83
Q

*Intestinal crypts

A

projections into the wall of the small intestine location of stem cells

84
Q

*Illeum

A

is redundant

85
Q

Where does water absorption take place

A

large intestines

86
Q

Large intestines

A

store and eliminate indigestible material.

87
Q

when does chyme become feces

A

when it enters the large intestines

88
Q

What type of relationship do humans and bacteria have

A

symbiotic

89
Q

E. Coli

A

break down hard to digest material and release nutrients

90
Q

Vitamin K produced in large intestine

A

is essential for immune and clotting

91
Q

Haustra

A

sak like structures visable on the outside to the large bowel

92
Q

Teniae coli

A

3 small ribbons of smooth muscle

93
Q

Omental appencices

A

globs of fat on large intestine

94
Q

Colon does not include

A

cecum or rectum

95
Q

Parts of Large intestine in order

A

appendix, ileocecal valve, cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

96
Q

rectum is..

A

normally empty

97
Q

when we feel the need to poop

A

poop is in the rectum

98
Q

Anal canal

A

is an inch long

99
Q

Anorectal flexure

A

90 degree curve

100
Q

Anal columns

A

allow the anal canal to expand

101
Q

*Pectinate line

A

at end of anal columns transitional zone from mucous membrane to cutaneous memebrane

102
Q

External anal sphincter

A

we have control over

103
Q

Internal anal sphincter

A

only relaxes as part of defication reflex

104
Q

The gall bladder

A

stores bile it does not make bile

105
Q

bile is made

A

by the liver

106
Q

bile

A

helps digest lipids

107
Q

Cystic duct

A

connects directly to the gallbladder

108
Q

Hepatic duct

A

connects to the liver

109
Q

Common bile duct

A

connects to duodenum

110
Q

The pancrease

A

exocrine and endocrine

111
Q

Exocrine function of pancrease

A

secrets into a duct

112
Q

Endocrine function of the pancrease

A

are the pancreatic islet (islets of langerhorns)

113
Q

pancreatic acini

A

the cells that make digestive enzyme (exocrine)

114
Q

main pancreatic duct

A

travels through the duodenum (exocrine)

115
Q

Hepatopancreatic sphincter

A

small sphincter in duodenal entrance (exocrine)

116
Q

Glucagon

A

stimulates liver to release stored glucose between meals (endocrine)

117
Q

Insulin

A

signals cells to absorb glucose (endocrine)

118
Q

Head of pancrease

A

the small intestine wraps around the head of the pancrease

119
Q

Body of the pancrease

A

the body of the pancreases projects to the left side

120
Q

Tail of the pancrease

A

where pancrease narrow to a point

121
Q

Falciform ligament

A

attaches liver to diaphram

122
Q

liver has lobes

A

2 large upper 2 small lower

123
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

a vein that brings blood from intestiens to liver

124
Q

Biliary tree

A

ducts that transport bile

125
Q

Lobules

A

microscopic lobes

126
Q

*Portal triad

A

consist of bile duct a hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

127
Q

Hepatocytes

A

liver cells that process blood

128
Q

Liver functions

A

Bile production, Metabolic regulation, Hematologic regulation, Detoxification

129
Q

Metabolic regualtion

A

stores glucose in a form called glycogen. chain of glucose molecules. glucagon release signal to chop off glycogen.

130
Q

Excess carbs and protiens are

A

stored as fat

131
Q

Hematologic regulation

A

the liver stores RBC’s that is why it is burgandy

liver makes clotting factors

132
Q

Detoxification

A

liver deactivates toxins

133
Q

Gastic ulcers

A

due to infections primarily

134
Q

Duodenal ulcers

A

due to stomach acid are far more common

Anatomy (30 decks)

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