12 Blood (Lecture) Flashcards
Blood transports what?
dissolved substances especially O2 and CO2, nutrients waste and hormones
How does blood restrict fluid loss?
With clotting factors when a vessel is damaged
How does blood defend the body?
It defends against pathogens with WBC antibodies
How does blood regualte temp.
Getting rid of heat or keeping it.
What are unformed elements?
Non cellular elements of blood. Plasma, Serum, Plasma protiens (fibrinogens, immunoglobulins, albumins)
Plasma is
95% water
Serum is
plasma with all the clotting factors removed and all cellular elements removed
The 3 primary plasma protiens are
Fibrinogens, Immunoglobulins, Albumins
Fibrinogens are
clotting factors. all are produced by liver
Immunoglobulins (Ig) are
antibodies (protiens not cells) defend body against pathogen. B lymphocytes
Immunoglobulins, and order B cells present them
MADGE IgM IgA IgD IgG IgE
Albumins are
the most abundant plasma protien. they regulate PH, maintain osmotic pressure in the blood and are produced in the liver
What are formed elements of blood?
Cellular elements of blood
RBC’s are
Erythrocytes are with out nucleus
What type of cell is biconcave and why?
Erythrocytes are due to the loss of the nucleous. only cells of this shape can fold to get through capillaires
What is Erythropoiesis
production of RBC’s in the bone marrow.
RBC’s eject organelles for what reason?
To make room for hemoglobin (Hb)
What is the life span of a RBC?
120 days
What does Hemoglobin (Hb) trasport?
O2 and CO2
Hematocrit consists of
RBC’s only no plasma
What is a Antigen (Ag)
a protien that acts as an identifying marker on a cell.
What are Antibodies (Ig)?
attach to their identical matching antigen
Blood type Antigen & Antibody
a person cannot have the same antigen and antibody or it would kill all of your blood cells.
Blood type A person has what antigen and antibody?
A antigen and B antibody
A person with B+ blood has
B antigen A antibody and RH factor
Universal Recipient
AB zero antibodies
Universal Donor
O AB atibodies
Agglutinogen =
Antigen
Agglutinin =
Antibody
WBC’s =
Lukocytes
WBC’s defend against
pathogens
WBC’s move?
independently can move against the flow of blood. can even escape a vessel.
What are the 2 classes of WBC’s?
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
Granulocytes all have a
Dark staining and unusually shaped nucleus.
Neutrophils
all have multilobed nucleous primarily attack invading bacteria
Agranulocytes are all?
mononuclear
Eosinophils
bilobed nucleous primarily attack parasites
Basoaphils
rarest do not attack anything.
Release Heparin and Histamine
Heparin inhibits blood clotting
Histamine triggers inflamation response
Diapedesis means
to exit the circulatory system
Monocytes are?
The largest WBC. C shaped nucleus. Like to squeeze out of blood vessels
Macrophage is
Large eating cell
What are monocytes called when the are out of the blood stream?
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Have a very large round nucleous
What do T-lymphocytes do?
Primarily attack virally infected cells.
What do monocytes become?
APC antigen presenting cells
Lymphocytes attack?
virally infected cells or cancer cells
T-lymphocytes are produced____________and mature in the ________________
bone marrow
thymus
B lymphocytes are
antibody making cells
Both T & B lymphocytes are produced where?
bone marrow
NK Lymphocytes
NK = Natural Killer
Will remove any abnormal or dead cells such as CA cells.
Which cells participate in the immune response
T & B Lymphocytes
Platelets have
no nucleus
Megakaryocytes
are where platelets are made by megakaryocytes breaking apart
Vascular phase of platelets
when damage begins to spasum or constrict
Platelet phase
within 20 sec of injury platelets begin to stick and accumulate
Coagulation phase of platelets
clotting protiens form a blood clot.
Humans have
sterile blood
Bacteriemia
bacteria in the blood that is not reproducing
Septicemia
bacteria in the blood that are reproducing. Super sick.
