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Anatomy > 15 Lymphatic (Lecture) > Flashcards

15 Lymphatic (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the Lymphoid system

A

drain excess fluid from between the cells, defend the body.

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2
Q

Lymphatic system can absorb…

A

lipids

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3
Q

Plasma

A

fluid in capillaries

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4
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

plasma that has escaped the capillaries

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5
Q

Transcellular fluid

A

interstitial fluid that enters a hollow organ. i.e. the eye (aqueous humor)

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6
Q

Intracellualr fluid

A

interstitial fluid that enters a cell.

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7
Q

Lymph fluid

A

interstitial fluid that enters the a lymphatic capillary

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8
Q

Where does lymph fluid go after it leaves the the lymphatic vessels?

A

back to the blood where it is once again called plasma

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9
Q

Initial lymphatics are also called

A

lymphatic capillaries

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10
Q
  • These places do not contain lymphatics
A

CNS, Teeth/bone, Bone marrow

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11
Q

*Lymphatic ducts do what

A

Return lymphatic fluid to the left subclavian

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12
Q

*R. lymphatic duct

A

drains lymph from Right side of the head neck shoulder and arm

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13
Q

*L. lymphatic duct

A

drains lymph from ever part of the body except right side of head neck shoulder and arm

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14
Q

How much fluid can the lymphatic system circulate in a day

A

3 liters

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15
Q

Lymphatic circulatory system is very low pressure because

A

it relies on accessory pumps like skeletal muscle and respiratory pump.

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16
Q

Lymphatic vessels have many

A

valves to prevent the backflow of lymph

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17
Q
  • What is the difference between a lymph nodule and a lymph node
A

Nodule lacks a fibrous capsule and can swell in the presence of infection.
Node has a capsule and cannot swell in the presence of infection.

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18
Q

Lymph nodules are found in these locations

A

Walls of the appendix, Peyer’s patch (intestine), and tonsils

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19
Q

Three distinct layers of lymph node

A

Cortex (outter edge), Follicles (rings), medulla (inner or middle)

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20
Q

The follicles and the medulla of a lymph node contain

A

Follicles (b lymphocytes) Medulla (t lymphocytes)

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21
Q

Locations around the body where lymph nodes can be found

A

Cervical, Axillary, Inguinal, Mesenteric (intestines), vertebral column.

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22
Q

What are Salt, Malt, Galt, and Balt

A

Skin, Mucosa, Gut, and Bronchus associated lymphatic tissue

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23
Q

What are the four lymphoid organs

A

Liver, Bone marrow, Thymus, and Spleen

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24
Q

What are the four organs that refresh the blood

A

Spleen, kidney’s, Lung’s, and Intestines

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25
Q

Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) what type of WBC

A

Monocytes

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26
Q

Regional monocytes are

A

Dendritic, Microglia, Alveolar, Kuppfer

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27
Q

Where are Dendritic Monocytes found

A

skin

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28
Q

Where are Microglia Monocytes found

A

brain

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29
Q

Where are Alveolar Monocytes found

A

lungs

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30
Q

Where are Kuppfer Monocytes found

A

liver

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31
Q

Lymphadenitis is

A

inflamation of a lymph nodule

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32
Q

Lymphangitis is

A

inflamation of a lymph vessel

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33
Q

Lymph edema is

A

swelling due to blockage of a lymphatic vessel

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34
Q

Innate defenses are acquired how

A

defenses you are born with

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35
Q

Innate defenses work how

A

fast acting and non-specific (not focused on a specific pathogen)

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36
Q

Adaptive defenses work how

A

slow acting and very focused

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37
Q

Difference between Immune response and immune system.

A

Immune system encompasses all of systems that defend the body. Immune response is a particular way of defending the body.

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38
Q

Adaptive defenses are slow because

A

the immune response must first learn that structure of a pathogen

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39
Q

Adaptive defenses are focused because

A

it is focused on a particular pathogen

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40
Q

First line of defense against pathogens

A

skin and mucosa

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41
Q

Skin, sweat, and tears defend the body how

A

skin is physical barrier. Sweat acts as an acid mantle. Tears are lacrimal fluid that contains antibodies.

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42
Q

Mouth, stomach, urinary tract and respiratory tracts defend the body how

A

mouth-saliva contains antibodies. stomach-acid chamber that destroys pathogen. urinary tract-acidic. respiratory makes mucous sticky pathogens cant get through.

43
Q

What are the 5 portals of entry into the body

A

Oral, nares, urethral, anus, vagina. these places all have extra defenses

44
Q

Second line of defense against pathogens (organ)

A

Spleen, Liver, Lymph nodes, and bone marrow

45
Q

Second line of defense against pathogens (cellular)

A

Innate defenses

46
Q

Four types of cells that part of the innate defenses not involved with the immune response

A

Monocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, NK lymphocyters

47
Q

Fever (Febrile) what is it

A

a defense mechanism

48
Q

Parts of inflamation response

A

chemical messengers, vasodilation, phagocyte invasion.

49
Q

WBC’s follow the chemical…..

A

messengers released by injured cells.

50
Q

Inflamation and fever are part of

A

the innate defenses

51
Q

Erythema means

A

redness due to swelling blood under the skin

52
Q

Local edema due to

A

plasma that leaks out of blood vessels

53
Q

pain is due to

A

selling that puts pressure on nerves that causes pain

54
Q

Antimicrobial protiens

A

protiens that defend against infection

55
Q

Interferons

A

interfer with viral reproduction

56
Q

Interleukins

A

trigger inflamaiotn and fever

57
Q

Lactoferrin

A

hides iron in your blood from bacteria (iron is what they want)

58
Q

The complement is

A

a group of enzymes that defend against infection

59
Q

the complement enzyme will

A

drill a hole in the pathogen and cause cell lysis

60
Q
  • Opsonization
A

to make tastey. The compliment marks a cell for death.

61
Q

Marking a cell for death means

A

putting up a sign to attrack WBC’s

62
Q

Third line of defense

A

Adaptive Defenses (the immune response)

63
Q

What are the 7 pieces of innate defense

A

Physical barriers, Phagocytes, Immunological surveillance, Interferons, Compliment system, Inflammatory response, Fever.

64
Q

The immune response is carried out by

A

T & B lymphocytes

65
Q

The immune response has 5 components

A

Specificity, Tolerance, Versatility, Memory, Systemic

66
Q

Immune response specificity

A

recognition of what does not belong in the body

67
Q

Immune response tolerance

A

recognition of self should never attack the body’s own cells

68
Q

Immune response versatility

A

We can produce an antibody to match any foreign antigen

69
Q

Immune response memory

A

The immune response remembers the structure of every foreigner

70
Q

Immune response systemic

A

these occur around the entire body

71
Q

Acquired Immunity only occurs

A

after exposure

72
Q

*Active immunity is

A

when the body produces its own atibodies

73
Q

*Passive immunity is

A

when an organism borrows antibodies from another organism.

74
Q

*Natural passive immunity

A

mother to baby

75
Q

*Artificial or induced passive immunity

A

vaccination (rabies)

76
Q

*Natural active immunity

A

when you contract a desease

77
Q

*Induced or artificial active immunity

A

immunization dead or weakened pathogen (flu shot)

78
Q
  • Monocyte digestion of a foreign antigen
A

digests pathogens into pieces not molecules like neutrophils

79
Q
  • Monocyte digests the antigen and then puts pieces
A

of the antigen on its outer surface. APC Becomes a Antigen Presenting Cell

80
Q
  • Activation of a T-Cell
A

plugs into the antigen on the monocyte and became active.

81
Q
  • What is meant by activation of a T-Cell
A

It means that is is reproducing or becoming clones of one another (clonal expansion)

82
Q
  • What are the four types of T-Cells that come from clonal expansion
A

Helper T-cells, Cytotoxic T-cells, Regulatory T-cells, Memory T-cells

83
Q

**Helper T-Cell

A

Becomes another APC helps the monocytes it will activeate more T-Cells and B-Cells. Amplify non-specific defenses.

84
Q

***Cytotoxic T-Cell

A

kills other infected cells. virally infected cells especially

85
Q

**Regulatory T-Cell

A

inhibit or turn off immune response. They suppress T & B Cells. Inhibit innate defenses also. If this doesn’t work right you have an autoimmune desease

86
Q

** Memory T-Cell

A

Library that rembers the structure of the foreign antigens. This is what gives us immunity.

87
Q

*B lymphocytes are activated by

A

Helper T-Cells

88
Q

*25% of the immune response is

A

Cell mediated (monocytes, T-cells)

89
Q

*75% percent of immune response is

A

Antibody mediated immunity (most effective)

90
Q

*When B lymphocytes are activated the divide in to 2 kinds of cells

A

Plasma B cells and Memory B cells

91
Q

*Plasma B cells

A

Antibody making cells (important one)

92
Q

*Memory B cells

A

They provide us with immunity

93
Q

All Antibodies are what

A

Y shaped protiens

94
Q

What are the 2 things that anitbodies do

A

hinder pathogens and amplify defenses

95
Q

Antibody neutralization

A

coats a pathogen so it can’t get inside a cell

96
Q

Antibody Agglutination

A

clumping of a pathogen

97
Q

Antibody Precipitation

A

clumping of toxins or chemicals (anthrax-organism not harmful it’s waste product is)

98
Q

Antibody Amplification

A

Complement, Opsonization, attract phagocytes, stimulate NK cells, stimulate inflammation.

99
Q

Primary Immune Response

A

IgM slow and weak first response to a new pathogen carried out by IgM

100
Q

Secondary Immune Response

A

IgG fast and strong occurs during all subsequent exposures carried out by IgG.

101
Q

Vaccines

A

prevent a disease not a cure

102
Q

Attenuated

A

contains a weakened pathogen

103
Q

Fractioned

A

contains dead or deactivated pathogens

Anatomy (30 decks)

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