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Anatomy > 11 Muscles (Lecture) > Flashcards

11 Muscles (Lecture) Flashcards

0
Q

Stiated and voluntary

A

Skeletal muscle

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1
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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2
Q

Stiated and involuntary

A

Cardiac muscle

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3
Q

Unstriated and involuntary

A

Smooth muscle

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4
Q

Functions of skeletal muscle

A

Balance Reflex Sphincters Protects organs Generates heat

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5
Q

Superficial facia

A

Adipose tissue

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6
Q

Deep facia

A

Thin layer of connective tissue

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7
Q

Epimysium

A

Connective tissue that wraps around named muscles

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8
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds a muscle facilcle

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9
Q

Endomysium

A

Look up in lab manuel Wraps around each muscle fiber

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10
Q

Muscle segment

A

A named muscle

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11
Q

Fascicle

A

Holds a group of muscle cells

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12
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Another term for muscle cell

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13
Q

Origin

A

Point where a muscle attached stays stationary durning muscle contraction

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14
Q

Insertion

A

End of the muscle that moves

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15
Q

Agonist

A

Biceps

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16
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes agonist Triceps

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17
Q

Synergistic muscles

A

Antagonist muscles that control fine movements

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18
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane. Can carry electrical signal spreads in waves Yellow stuff on model

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19
Q

Sarcoplasam

A

Fluid inside a muscle cell

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20
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Tends to store a large amount of calcium

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21
Q

The triad structure on a sarcomere is made of ? Parts and what are they?

A

T-tubules= 1 connects to little pores on the sarcolemma Cisterns= 2 runs between lateral sacs connects to sarcoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

Myofibril

A

They are organelles Bundles of protein filaments

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23
Q

Myofillaments are ? What are the 2 types?

A

Proteins fibers Actin and myosin

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24
Q

Myosin

A

Thick and dark filament has spurs. Myosin heads (spurs) at the end of each filament engage with actin during a muscle contraction. Myosin stays stationary during contraction.

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25
Q

Actin

A

Light thin filaments Active sites where myosin heads attach Actin slides during muscle contraction

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26
Q

Sarcomere

A

Is the functional unit of a contraction. Extends from Z line to Z line

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27
Q

I band

A

Actin only z line is the middle

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28
Q

A band

A

Dark band actin and myosin overlap

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29
Q

H band

A

Middle of A band myosin only

30
Q

M line

A

Dead center of sarcomere

31
Q

Z line

A

Length of one sarcomere Includes A band, H band, M line, and about half of an I band on each end

32
Q

Draw Sarcomere

A

DO IT

33
Q

Motor end plate

A

Converts chemical signal into electrical signal

34
Q

Synapse

A

Space between terminal button and motor end plate.

35
Q

Terminal button aka synaptic terminal

A

Releases NTR into synapse

36
Q

T-tubule

A

Electrical signal enters muscle through T tube

37
Q

Cisterns

A

Contain large amounts of calcium. Electrical signal coming through t tubule stimulates cisterns to dump calcium.

38
Q

what is the trigger for muscle contraction.

A

Calcium is the signal for a myosin head to attach to actin.

39
Q

All or none principal

A

Only applies to skeletal muscle When the contact they contract completely or not at all. Heavy vs light object more or less cells contract.

40
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Inherited, it is a abnormal dystrophin protein. This protein normally strengthens the sarcolemma. Sarcolemma tears in MD people.

41
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Autoimmune disease that destroys the motor end plate.

42
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( Lou Garrick’s)

A

Destroys motor neurons

43
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

ATP required to hold calcium on cisterns

44
Q

Tonic muscle contraction

A

Remains contracted after stimulation is gone .

45
Q

Phasic muscle contraction

A

When a muscle contracts then relaxes

46
Q

isometric action

A

muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle remains the same.

47
Q

Isotonic action

A

muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle changes.

48
Q

Motor units

A

One nerve and all the muscle cells it controls

49
Q

Fine motor control

A

A nerve that controls one or a few muscle cells

50
Q

Coarse muscle control

A

A nerve contracts 100 or more muscle cells

51
Q

Number of origins

A

Biceps 2 Triceps 3 Quadriceps 4

52
Q

Axial muscles

A

Move head, neck, veterbral column, pelvic floor, axial trunk(abdomin) They do not move appendages.

53
Q

Galea Aponeurotica

A

Tendon sheet at the top of the head

54
Q

Abdominal aponeuroses

A

Tendon sheet that covers abdomin

55
Q

Linea alba

A

Tendon from xyphoid to pubis

56
Q

Appendicular muscles

A

Move appendages

57
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Deltoid, Pectoralis major, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor.

58
Q

IM injection sites

A

Deltoid for adult Gluteus minimus for kids Rectus femorus for self injections

59
Q

Lumbodorsal fascia

A

Tendon sheet for low back

60
Q

Arm compartments (anterior compartments)

A

The muscles that flex the arm

61
Q

Arm compartments (posterior)

A

The muscles that extend the arm (triceps)

62
Q

Illiotibial tract

A

Tendon sheet on lateral side of thigh

63
Q

Leg compartment (anterior)

A

Extending muscles

64
Q

Leg compartments (posterior)

A

Flexing muscles

65
Q

Leg compartments (medial)

A

Adducting

66
Q

Leg compartments (lateral)

A

Abducting

67
Q

Gait cycle phases

A

Stance phase 60% Weight bearing leg Begins when heel strikes ground and ends when toe lifts. Swing phase 40% Non weight bearing leg Begins when toes lifts off ground. Ends when heel strikes ground.

68
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Wraps around tubes and vessels Controlled by ANS involuntary Longitudinal layer Contracts and tube will dilate Circular layer contracts tube will constrict

69
Q
A

cardiac muscle

70
Q

Quadraceps include

A

vastas medialis, vastas lateralis, vastas intermedius, rectus fermerus

71
Q
A

Skeletal Muscle

72
Q
A

Smooth Muscle

73
Q
A

Anatomy (30 decks)

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