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Anatomy > 16 Respiratory System (Lecture) > Flashcards

16 Respiratory System (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

gas exchange between atomosphere and lungs

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2
Q

Pulmonary exchange

A

exchange of gases between the lungs and blood

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3
Q

systemic exchange

A

occurs at capillaries all over the body O2 in CO2 out

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4
Q
  • Regulate pH
A

pH always does the opposite of what CO2 is doing. CO2 rises pH falls and vica versa

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5
Q

respiratory system enables

A

vocal communication

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6
Q

mucous production is what type of mechanism

A

defense

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7
Q

where is the upper respiratory tract

A

from nose to larnyx

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8
Q

where is the lower respiratory tract

A

larynx to bronchioles

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9
Q

conduction zone

A

conducts air into the alveoli. no gas exchange in conduction zone.

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10
Q

respiratory zone

A

lung tissue that contains pulmonary capillaires this is where gas exchange occurs.

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11
Q

hyline cartilage plates

A

dorsum nasi

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12
Q

what holds the nose open

A

external nares

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13
Q

transition zone of nasal vestibule

A

stratum corneum to mucosa on inside of nose

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14
Q

Why does your nose run when you cry

A

tears run into the lacrimonasal canal

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15
Q

hard palate

A

maxilla and palatine bone

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16
Q

soft palate

A

smooth muscle covered by mucous memebrane

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17
Q

bones of nasal superior boarder

A

sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal

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18
Q

Nasal septum

A

seperates R & L nostril

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19
Q

The conchea or turbinates

A

3 ridges superior, middle, inferior

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20
Q

Internal nares

A

back of the nasal cavity

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21
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

(maxillary sinuses), above the eyes (frontal sinuses), between the eyes (ethmoidal sinuses), and behind the ethmoids (sphenoidal sinuses)

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22
Q

The Pharynx begins ___________. and extends to ________?

A

internal nares and the tip of the uvula

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23
Q

Nasopharnx begins ___________ and exttends to __________? For ___________ to pass only.

A

internal nares and the tip of the uvula

air only no food

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24
Q

Oropharnyx begins _________ and extends to ___________?

A

uvula to hyoid bone

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25
Q

Laryngopharynx begins _________ and extends to __________? For __________ to pass.

A

hyoid bone to bottom of larnynx

food and air

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26
Q

epiglottis

A

moveable cartilage covers airway when you swallow

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27
Q

glottis

A

opening to trachea

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28
Q

vocal folds (true)

A

vocal cords produce speech

29
Q

vestibular folds (false)

A

don’t produce speech. closes throat

30
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

encircicles the trachea holds open

31
Q

arytenoid cartilages

A

posterior side

32
Q

corniculate cartilages

A

tips or arytenoids

33
Q

first part of lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea

34
Q

Inner most layer of the trachea

A

mucosa

35
Q

what type of cells are found in mucosa

A

goblet cells make mucous and stem cells make new mucosa

36
Q

what is found in the submucosa

A

smooth muscle and serous glands

37
Q

Adventitia

A

rings of catilage

38
Q

carina

A

last tracheal cartilage contains sensory structures. responsible for deep coughing

39
Q

Primary bronchi

A

split off of trachea and enter lungs

40
Q

Hilus

A

the point where the bronchi enter lungs

41
Q

Lobar bronchi

A

also secondary bronchi

42
Q

lobes how many and where

A

3 on the right 2 on the left

43
Q

bronchi in order

A

primary secondary teritary bronchioles

44
Q

Pulmonary capillaries

A

surrond the outside of lung tissue

45
Q

The alveoli contain what type of cells

A

simple squamous epithelia that make up lung tissue
goblet cells mucus making cells
septal cells secrete surfactant (holds lungs open)

46
Q

Alveolar macrophage

A

each alveoli has its own macrophage

47
Q

Right lung

A

3 lobes, horizontal fissure seperates superior lobe from middle lobe, oblique fissure seperates middle lobe from inferior lobe

48
Q

Lung fissures

A

bands of tendons that seperate the lobes

49
Q

Left lung

A

2 lobes, cardiac notch where heat sits (indent)

50
Q

Lingula

A

part of lung that sticks out under the cardiac notch

51
Q
  • Pleural membranes
A

serous membranes

52
Q

Parietal membranes

A

attach to chest wall

53
Q

Visceral membrane

A

attaches to the surface of the lungs

54
Q

What is between the parietal and visceral membranes

A

a thin layer of fluid

55
Q

Diaphragm controls?

A

normal resting breathing

56
Q

Diaphragm

A

muscle that expands the lungs

57
Q

Inspiration occurs…

A

when the diaphragm contracts

58
Q

Exhilation occurs…

A

when the diaphragm relaxes

59
Q

muscles that control forceful inhilationn

A

ext. intercostals, scalenes, and ext. obliques

60
Q

muscles that control forceful exhilation

A

int. intercostals, rectus abdominis

61
Q

Pons

A

can alter breathing rate

62
Q

Medulla

A

normal resting breathing rate control it through the phrenic nerve

63
Q

higher brain

A

cortex involved in breathing because you can choose to breath or not

64
Q

pneumonitis

A

pneumonia

65
Q

carbon monoxide

A

odorless colorless gas that binds irriversible with hemoglobin. make hemoglobin unable to carry O2

66
Q

*Respiratory alkalosis

A

the pH of the blood is rising beyond normal. CO2 down pH up.

67
Q

*Hyperventilation

A

decreases CO2 in the blood causes pH to rise. Breath in a bag to increase CO2.

68
Q

*Respiratory acidosis

A

the pH of the blood is falling CO2 is rising

69
Q

*shallow breathing

A

due to stroke in the medulla can result in respiratory acidosis.

Anatomy (30 decks)

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