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Anatomy > 13 The Heart (Lecture) > Flashcards

13 The Heart (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardial cavity contains?

A

heart only

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2
Q

Mediastinum cavity contains?

A

the entire cavity between the lungs

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3
Q

Base of heart

A

Flat area on top where major vessel attach

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4
Q

Apex of heart

A

The pointed bottom portion

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5
Q

Pericardium consists of 3 layers

A

Pericardial sac, Pericardial space, Visceral pericard…m

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6
Q

Pericardial sac

A

surrounds the outside of the heart but does not touch it

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7
Q

Pericardial space

A

this is filled with serus fluid lubricates the moving heart

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8
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

outer layer of the heart also called epicardium

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9
Q

Wall of the heart consists of 3 layers

A

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

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10
Q

Epicardium

A

describes the outer layer of heart

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11
Q

Myocardium

A

Thick layer of cardiac muscle

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12
Q

Endocardium (endothelium)

A

inner layer of the heart blood flows over this

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13
Q

Chambers of the heart Atria

A

recieve blood from veins they always pump blood to the ventricles directly below

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14
Q

Interatrial septum

A

wall between R & L Atrium

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15
Q

Sinus opening

A

located in the R atrium. The opening where blood returns from the heart.

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16
Q

Ventricles

A

2 larger and lower chambers of the heart. Always pump blood to the arteries.

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17
Q

Trabeculae carneae

A

ridged inner surface of the ventricles

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18
Q

Interventricular septum

A

wall betwen R & L Ventricles

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19
Q

Hypertrophied myocardium

A

Wall of L ventricle is thicker than R. R ventricle works harder than the left.

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20
Q

Atrioventricular valves (in

A

R AV valve is tricuspid. L AV valve is bicuspid or mitral

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21
Q

Tricuspid

A

R AV valve

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22
Q

Bicuspid

A

L AV valve

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23
Q

Annuli fibrosi

A

The rings that surround a valve and maintain its shape

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24
Q

Papillary muscles regulate

A

AV valves these are the finger like projections of muscle in the ventricles only

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25
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

White fibers that connect the valves to papillary muscles

26
Q

AV valves ________ when ventricles contract

27
Q

Semilunar valves

A

this is where blood leaves the ventricles

28
Q

Aortic semilunar

A

valve between aorta and left ventricle

29
Q

Pulmonary semilunar

A

valve between pulmonary vessel and right ventricle

30
Q

Similunars _________when the ventricles relax?

31
Q

2 circuits of blood flow

A

systemic and pulmonary

32
Q

systemic red means

A

O2 rich CO2 poor blood

33
Q

pulmonary red means

A

CO2 rich O2 poor blood

34
Q

Ventricales pump ___________ amounts of blood

35
Q

*coronary arteries

A

supply the heart only

36
Q

coronary sinus

A

posterior side of heart thick blue vein

37
Q

Cardiac muscle cells have

A

sarcomeres the smallest unit of muscle contraction

38
Q

Cardiac muscle is

A

auto rythemic when one contracts they all contract thats why the heart acts like a pump.

39
Q

sinoatrial nodal cells (SA node) is located

A

superiro R atrium it controls resting HR

40
Q

sinus rythem is

41
Q

interatrial pathway

A

node to node electrical pathway

42
Q

*Atrioventricular nodal cells (AV node) does…

A

pauses the electrical signal

43
Q

The AV bundle (bundle of his)

A

is a collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction that transmits the electrical impulses from the AV node

44
Q

the bundle branches

45
Q

Purkinjie fibers

A

relay electrical signals to cardiac muscle cells

46
Q

The heart is controlled extrinsicly

A

controlled by the CNS

47
Q

Nervous system (SA Node)

A

sypathetic and parasympathetic

48
Q

Endocine system effects the heart how?

A

epinephrine speeds the heart

49
Q

3 waves P QRS & T represent how many heart beats

50
Q

P wave

A

electrical signal for atrium to contract. atrium contracts after p wave

51
Q

QRS complex

A

electrical signal for for ventricles to contract. ventricles contract after QRS complex

52
Q

T wave

A

electrical signal for the ventricles to relax and refill with blood

53
Q

Systole

A

When the ventricles are contracting and pumping blood

54
Q

Diastole

A

When the ventricles are relaxed and refill with blood

55
Q

120/80

56
Q

Hypertension begins at ________ BP

57
Q

120=_________/80=____________

A

systole / diastole

58
Q

Which one can fluctuate a bit systole or diastole

59
Q

If diastole is elevated what is likely?

A

high blood pressure

60
Q

Pulse is

A

a wave of blood passing through an artery

61
Q

heart sound lub

A

closing of the 2 av valves bicuspid and tricuspid

62
Q

heart sound dub

A

closing of the similunar valves

Anatomy (30 decks)

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