18 Urinary System (Lecture) 8 Flashcards
Functions of Urinary stystem
Electrolyte balance, Removal of waste, stabilize blood pH, regulate BP, conversion of nutrients
Upper urinary tract includes…
kidney only
Lower urinary tract includes…
ureters, bladder and urethra
Filtration system consists of…
nephrons clean the blood
Collection system cosists of …
every part of kidney and the lower urinary tract except the nephron make up the collection system
Where are kidneys located?
in the Retroperitoneum
*Where is Paranephric fat located?
surrounds kidney and adreanal gland connects kidneys to posterior abdominal wall.
*Where is Paranephric capsule?
Fibrus connective tissue surrounds kidney and adrenal gland.
*Where is Perinephric fat located?
Surround kidney only not adrenal
What is Renal capsule?
non functional layer just connective tissue
Renal cortex is comprised of…
Nephrons and Renal columns
What are nephrons?
Located in the cortex, cleans blood, 1,000,000 in each kidney. Can lose 75% and be fine.
Renal columns are?
Where the cortex projects into medulla
Renal medulla is where?
functional middle triangles
Renal Pyramids contain…
tubes that drain urine from the nephron
Renal Pelvis is where?
inner most layer of kidney is part ureter
Calyces are….
cups that drain urine from the pyramids.
Transitional epithelium is able to
Strech and change shape
- Renal sinuses are where?
empty spaces bestween the calyces
*Blood vessels of the kidney…
Renal artery and vein, Interlobar vessels, arcuate vessels, cortical radiates.
*Renal artery extends from
aorta to kidney
*Renal vein extends from
kidney to inferior vena cava
*Interlobar vessels run…
the boarder between pyramids
*Arcuate vessels run…
boarder between cortex and medulla
*Cortical Radiates AKA Interlob(U)lar vessels run…
into the cortex
Afferent arteriole does…
brings blood into the glomerelus
The Glomerulus is?
a capillary bed
Efferent arterioles do what?
drains blood out of the glomerulus and delivers blood to peritubular capillary
Peritubular capillary does what?
absorbs nutrients, water and salt
Juxtaglomerular Complex (Apparatus)
endocrine structure makes Erythropoietin and Renin
Erythropoietin does what?
stimulates bone marrow to produce mare RBC
Renin does what?
Regulates BP and Electrolytes like sodium and potassium
Collecting ducts do what?
They drain urine from the nephrons
Renal Papillae are…
openings where urine flows out of collecting ducts
Calyces minor and major do what?
drain urine from pyramids
Renal pelvis does what?
drains urine from the calyces
Hilum
notch in kidney
Ureters
drain urine from the pelvis to the bladder
Bladder sits where?
Retropubic
What is the detrusor?
Thick wall of smooth muscle empties bladder
What lines the inside of the bladder?
transitional epithelium
What are the ridges that allow the bladder to expand?
Rugae
Trigone of bladder does what?
Funnels direct urine to urethra
What is the volume of the bladder when we first notice we have to pee?
200ml
What is the volume of the bladder when we have to go NOW?
500ml
What is the volume of the bladder when we lose the ability to hold it?
800ml
What holds the bladder in place?
Median umbilical ligament
Prostatic portion of the urethra….
passes through prostate
Membranous portion of urethra…
passes through the muscle of the pelvic floor
Cavernous portion of urethra…
passes through the male genitalia
Internal urethral sphincter…
relaxes with urinary reflex
External urethral sphincter…
involentary control
What is the Micturition Reflex?
Urinary reflex loacated in Pons
60% of the body’s water is…
inside cells it’s intracellular
40% of the body’s water is…..
outside cell’s it’s extracellular
Males are ?% water
60
Females are ?% water
50
Where does fluid intake come from?
60% Ingestion, 30% solid foods, 10% metabolic water (water made by breaking down nutrients)
Where does fluid output come from?
60% urine, 4% Feces, 8% Perspiraton, 28% Exhaling.
What types of fluid loss are insensible?
perspiration and exhaling
Diuretic
any chemical that cause you to lose water (lasix, coffee)
ADH is..
Anti diuretic hormone (stims retention of water)
Aldosterone does what
helps the body retain salt (water follow salt)
Alcohol
Inhibits (ADH) causes you to lose water
