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Anatomy > 4 Cytology (Lecture) > Flashcards

4 Cytology (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

How many cells does an adult human have

A

about 75 trillion

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2
Q

What is the first cell of every organism

A

zygote

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3
Q

Living cells are always surrounded by

A

interstial fluid

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4
Q

Cilia

A

fingers that move material around the surface of the cell

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5
Q

Flagella

A

single long thread like structure that moves cell (sperm)

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6
Q

Centrioles

A

moves chromosomes during cell division Organization of microtubules (looks like ziti pasta)

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7
Q

Ribosomes

A

RNA plus protiens; fixed ribosomes bound to rough endoplamic reticulum, free ribosomes scattered in cytoplasam
protien synthesis binds to endoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

Inclusions

A

Temporary organelle Food particle appears and disappears

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9
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Maze looking intracellular storage and transport
Rough ER modifies and packages newely synthesized protiens.
Smooth ER synthesizes lipid and carbohydrates

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10
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers.

Storage alteration an packaging of secretory products and lysomal enzymes

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11
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Protiens organized in fine filaments or slender tubes.

Strencth and support movement of cellular structures and materials

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12
Q

Mytochondria

A

ATP factory

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13
Q

Vacuole

A

Contain some kind of liquid

IE: fat cell large vacule

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14
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA that is unwound or Relaxed

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15
Q

Chromosomes

A

DNA that is super coiled

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16
Q

Microvilli

A

fingers on cilia

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17
Q

Membrane proteins Channels

A

form passage way so matMembrane protiensrial can get in or out of a cell

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18
Q

Membrane proteins Recognition

A

Identify what kind of cell antigen

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19
Q

Membrane proteins Support

A

the cytoskeleton

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20
Q

Membrane proteins Receptors

A

A protein that reacts to a chemical signal

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21
Q

Membrane proteins Cell attachment

A

ember proteins that form tissues

22
Q

Tight junction resists leaking

A

When membrane proteins form 2 different cells band together. IE cells of the stomach

23
Q

Desmosomes (resist stretching)

A

Cytoskeleton projects outside the cell 2 cytoskeletons tie together. IE lots of desmosomes in the skin

24
Q

Gap junction (communication)

A

Membrane proteins band together and form a channel between 2 cells IE Heart muscles

25
Q

Passive movement

A

no ATP is used by the cell

26
Q

Diffusion

A

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration

27
Q

Filtration

A

movement of molecules under pressure

28
Q

Active transport

A

Requires the cell to use ATP

29
Q

Endocytosis (consuming)

A

Move a large amount of material into the cell

30
Q

Exocytosis (secretion)

A

Move a large volume out of the cell IE hormones

31
Q

Transcytosis (passage)

A

this is endocytosis followed by exocytosis. this is how material pass through a cell.

32
Q

Interphase

A

a cell that is no reproducing

33
Q

G1

A

when the cell is recovering from its fist cell division.

34
Q

S

A

when cells duplicate their DNA

35
Q

G2

A

when the cell duplicates it organelles

36
Q

XXX Stages of Mitosis (know in order)

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

37
Q

Prophase

A

nucleus disappears DNA begins to super coil

38
Q

Metaphase

A

duplicated chromosomes line up in the center of the cell (centrioles connect to chromosomes)

39
Q

Anaphase

A

the centriolles pull the duplicated chromosomes apart. the cell beings to pull apart.

40
Q

Telophase

A

Chromosomes begin to unwind nucleus reappears

41
Q

Cytokinesis

A

the cell beginning to split

42
Q

significance of mitosis (repair)

A

growth of new cells

43
Q

significance of mitosis (neoplasm)

A

new cell growth

44
Q

slow growth mitosis

A

Benign

45
Q

rapid growth mitosis

A

Malignant

46
Q

smooth surface

A

Benign

47
Q

Hard and irregular (stone like)

A

Malignant

48
Q

Noninvasive does not disturb neighbors

A

Benign

49
Q

Invasive consumes neighbors

A

Malignant

50
Q

Adherence stick together

A

Benign

51
Q

Metastasis cell spread

A

Malignant

Anatomy (30 decks)

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