7: Creating a New Country Flashcards
1
Q
What is government?
A
The way societies organize themselves to make decisions and get things done.
Government plays a crucial role in decision-making processes in communities and countries.
2
Q
How do people typically make decisions in a small group?
A
By talking to one another and then deciding what to do.
This informal process illustrates basic democratic principles.
3
Q
What is the necessity of government in larger communities or countries?
A
Some kind of organization is needed to manage decision-making.
This organization helps manage the complexities of larger populations.
4
Q
What type of government does Canada have?
A
A democracy.
In a democracy, the power rests with the people.
5
Q
In a democracy, who holds the power?
A
The people.
Citizens exercise their power through elected representatives.
6
Q
What is the role of representatives in a democracy?
A
To make decisions and laws in the best interest of the people.
Representatives are accountable to the citizens they serve.
7
Q
What does responsible government mean?
A
The Cabinet must be accountable to the elected representatives.
This principle ensures that the government remains answerable to the electorate.
8
Q
Fill in the blank: Government is necessary to make decisions in a community where _______ live.
A
thousands or millions of people.
9
Q
What is government?
A
The way societies organize themselves to make decisions and get things done.
Government plays a crucial role in decision-making processes in communities and countries.
10
Q
How do people typically make decisions in a small group?
A
By talking to one another and then deciding what to do.
This informal process illustrates basic democratic principles.
11
Q
What is the necessity of government in larger communities or countries?
A
Some kind of organization is needed to manage decision-making.
This organization helps manage the complexities of larger populations.
12
Q
What type of government does Canada have?
A
A democracy.
In a democracy, the power rests with the people.
13
Q
In a democracy, who holds the power?
A
The people.
Citizens exercise their power through elected representatives.
14
Q
What is the role of representatives in a democracy?
A
To make decisions and laws in the best interest of the people.
Representatives are accountable to the citizens they serve.
15
Q
What does responsible government mean?
A
The Cabinet must be accountable to the elected representatives.
This principle ensures that the government remains answerable to the electorate.
16
Q
Fill in the blank: Government is necessary to make decisions in a community where _______ live.
A
thousands or millions of people.
17
Q
Draw the Federal Government chart.
A
18
Q
What was the general sentiment among colonists in the 1850s regarding union?
A
Many colonists began to think about what they had in common and whether they could be stronger by uniting as a single country.
19
Q
List the three main factors that led the colonies to consider union.
A
- Political deadlock in the Province of Canada
- Shifting trade relations
- Defending British North America
20
Q
True or False: In 1858, there were only three colonies in British North America.
A
False
21
Q
What was a common feature among the colonies in British North America?
A
They were all part of the British Empire and had parliaments like the one in Britain.
22
Q
Fill in the blank: The population of British North America in 1861 included many people of _______ origin, except in Canada East.
A
[British]
23
Q
What role did First Nations peoples play in the colonies?
A
First Nations peoples lived in every colony.
24
Q
What was the identity of the people in Canada East compared to the rest of the colonies?
A
The people in Canada East were not largely of British origin.
25
Define 'political deadlock' in the context of the Province of Canada.
Political deadlock refers to a situation where political disagreements prevent effective governance.
26
What does 'shifting trade relations' imply in the context of the colonies?
It implies changes in trade patterns that may have affected economic stability and relationships among the colonies.
27
What significance did the year 1858 have for British North America?
It marks the time when there were seven colonies in British North America, each with its own history and identity.
28
What was the Province of Canada formed from?
Upper and Lower Canada
## Footnote
The Province of Canada was established in 1841 by uniting Upper and Lower Canada.
29
What was a significant issue faced by the Canadiens in the Province of Canada?
They were often outvoted on important matters
## Footnote
The English members in Canada West made up a majority in the Assembly.
30
Who was Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine?
A moderate Reformer and supporter of French language rights
## Footnote
La Fontaine believed he could make the political system work for the Canadiens.
31
What language did La Fontaine often speak in the Assembly?
French
## Footnote
He spoke French despite being supposed to speak English.
32
What did La Fontaine believe about the English members in Canada?
They were divided
## Footnote
La Fontaine recognized that the English were not as united as they appeared.
33
Fill in the blank: By the 1850s, people were unhappy with the _______.
[political system]
34
True or False: The English members in Canada West and the Canadiens in Canada East had separate Assemblies.
False
## Footnote
They had just one Assembly between them.
35
What was one of the reasons for the dissatisfaction among the Canadiens?
They were often outvoted
## Footnote
This led to discussions about dividing the Province of Canada.
36
What year was the Province of Canada established?
1841
37
Who were the two main groups that La Fontaine identified in English people residing in what is now Canada?
Reformers and Tories (Conservatives)
## Footnote
La Fontaine observed that despite appearances, the English were not united.
38
True or False: La Fontaine believed that the English were completely united.
False
## Footnote
La Fontaine recognized divisions among the English.
39
Fill in the blank: La Fontaine referred to the Conservatives as _______.
Tories
40
Who joined forces with Robert Baldwin to form a 'Great Ministry'?
The Tories (also called the Conservatives)
## Footnote
This collaboration aimed to improve life in Canada through new laws.
41
What did responsible government grant to the elected assemblies?
More power
## Footnote
It indicated a shift towards greater self-governance.
42
What issue caused deadlocks in the Assembly during the 1850s?
Representation by population (rep by pop)
## Footnote
This issue arose from disagreements over the number of representatives based on population size.
43
What was the consequence of the Act of Union regarding the number of seats in the Assembly?
Canada East and Canada West had the same number of seats
## Footnote
This was problematic as population sizes differed significantly between the two regions.
44
What did Canada West demand in the 1850s?
More seats based on population
## Footnote
This demand stemmed from their growing population compared to Canada East.
45
Why did Canadiens in Canada East object to the demand for more seats in Canada West?
They would be outnumbered
## Footnote
This concern over representation fueled tensions and disagreements.
46
What economic system had previously benefited the British colonies?
The mercantile system
## Footnote
This system allowed colonies to support Britain's economy through exports like furs, timber, and fish.
47
What happened to the mercantile system by 1846?
It was no longer working
## Footnote
Changes in Britain's manufacturing industries led to a shift in trade dynamics.
48
What was the primary export from the British colonies that boosted Britain's economy?
Furs, timber, wheat, and fish
## Footnote
These goods were crucial to the economic relationship between the colonies and Britain.
49
Fill in the blank: The larger the population, the more _______ members represent that population.
representatives
## Footnote
This principle underlies the concept of representation by population.
50
True or False: The political deadlock in the Assembly was solely due to representation issues.
False
## Footnote
Economic reasons also contributed to the need for change.
51
What was one effect of Britain's taxation policies on colonial goods?
Colonial goods became inexpensive and popular in Britain
## Footnote
This created a favorable market for colonial products.
52
What caused the British colonies to depend on Britain for their goods?
The mercantile system
## Footnote
This system established a trade relationship that benefited both parties.
53
What was the state of the mercantile system in Britain by 1846?
It was no longer working
54
What was happening to Britain's new manufacturing industries by 1846?
They were getting bigger
55
What did Britain decide to do with taxes on goods imported from all countries?
Reduce or remove taxes
56
What was the result of Britain reducing or removing taxes on imported goods?
Britain could sell its goods more easily
57
What trade policy did Britain begin to adopt?
Free trade with all countries
58
What effect did free trade have on Britain's market?
Britain had an assured market for their goods
59
What was the attitude of the British towards their colonies at the time?
They began to wonder why they were keeping the colonies
60
Why did Britain no longer need the colonies for trade?
They could sell goods elsewhere
61
What did Britain want the colonies to do regarding their own governments?
Pay for their own governments and defense
62
In return for the colonies paying for their own governance, what would Britain provide?
Greater control over their own affairs
63
Fill in the blank: By 1846, Britain needed to find more places to sell its goods because the __________ system was no longer effective.
mercantile
64
What trade agreement was signed between the colonies in British North America and the United States in 1854?
A trade agreement that created reciprocity between the colonies and the United States.
65
What was the purpose of the 1854 trade agreement?
To allow fish, timber, and grain to flow both ways across the border free of any import taxes.
66
How long did the trade agreement between the colonies and the United States last?
10 years.
67
What was the outcome of the trade agreement after 10 years?
The United States cancelled the deal.
68
What economic situation did the colonies face after the cancellation of the trade deal?
An economic crisis due to the loss of special trade relationships with both Britain and the United States.
69
What solution did many people propose in response to the economic crisis?
Union of the colonies.
70
Why did business leaders support the union of the colonies?
They thought it made good business sense.
71
What advantage would the union provide to businesses in Canada East and Canada West?
Access to the Maritime ports for transporting goods overseas.
72
What benefit would the Maritime ports gain from the union?
More customers in a united market.
73
What was one way the colonies aimed to compensate for the reduction of trade with Britain and the United States?
Building a stronger market at home.
74
Fill in the blank: The colonies in British North America turned to the _______ after being urged by Britain to look for other markets.
United States
75
True or False: The cancellation of the trade agreement between the colonies and the United States was beneficial for the colonies.
False
76
What event soured relations between British North America and the United States?
The end of the reciprocity trade deal
## Footnote
The reciprocity trade deal was a trade agreement that facilitated trade between British North America and the United States.
77
What major conflict broke out in the United States in 1861?
Civil War
## Footnote
The Civil War was fought between the northern and southern states, primarily over issues of slavery and state rights.
78
What were the two main issues of the American Civil War?
* Slavery
* Power of the states
## Footnote
These issues highlighted the conflict between federal authority and states' rights, particularly regarding the institution of slavery.
79
Which side did the majority of colonists in British North America support during the Civil War?
The North
## Footnote
Most colonists opposed slavery and thus aligned themselves with the Northern states.
80
What did Britain's textile industry depend on during the Civil War?
Cotton from southern plantations
## Footnote
The textile industry relied heavily on cotton produced by enslaved African Americans in the southern states.
81
What did some Americans want to do after the North won the Civil War in 1865?
Punish Britain for supporting the South
## Footnote
This was a response to Britain's perceived support of the Confederacy during the Civil War.
82
What belief motivated some Americans to want to take over the colonies?
Manifest Destiny
## Footnote
Manifest Destiny was the belief that it was the United States' natural right to expand its territory across North America.
83
What did the colonists fear about the United States?
Potential aggression and takeover
## Footnote
Colonists were concerned that the United States might attempt to annex British North America.
84
What was one reason the colonists considered union?
To better protect themselves
## Footnote
The idea was that by uniting, the colonies could enhance their defense against potential threats.
85
Who were the Fenians?
A group of Irish Americans seeking Irish independence from British rule
## Footnote
The Fenians believed that attacking British territories would pressure Britain to grant Ireland independence.
86
What actions did the Fenians take in 1866?
Attacked border towns in the British colonies
## Footnote
The Fenians hoped these attacks would compel Britain to free Ireland from its rule.
87
How did the actions of the Fenians affect the colonists' feelings?
Increased nervousness about security
## Footnote
The attacks heightened concerns about the safety and security of the borders of British North America.
88
What event soured relations between British North America and the United States?
The end of the reciprocity trade deal
## Footnote
The reciprocity trade deal was a trade agreement that facilitated trade between British North America and the United States.
89
What major conflict broke out in the United States in 1861?
Civil War
## Footnote
The Civil War was fought between the northern and southern states, primarily over issues of slavery and state rights.
90
What were the two main issues of the American Civil War?
* Slavery
* Power of the states
## Footnote
These issues highlighted the conflict between federal authority and states' rights, particularly regarding the institution of slavery.
91
Which side did the majority of colonists in British North America support during the Civil War?
The North
## Footnote
Most colonists opposed slavery and thus aligned themselves with the Northern states.
92
What did Britain's textile industry depend on during the Civil War?
Cotton from southern plantations
## Footnote
The textile industry relied heavily on cotton produced by enslaved African Americans in the southern states.
93
What did some Americans want to do after the North won the Civil War in 1865?
Punish Britain for supporting the South
## Footnote
This was a response to Britain's perceived support of the Confederacy during the Civil War.
94
What belief motivated some Americans to want to take over the colonies?
Manifest Destiny
## Footnote
Manifest Destiny was the belief that it was the United States' natural right to expand its territory across North America.
95
What did the colonists fear about the United States?
Potential aggression and takeover
## Footnote
Colonists were concerned that the United States might attempt to annex British North America.
96
What was one reason the colonists considered union?
To better protect themselves
## Footnote
The idea was that by uniting, the colonies could enhance their defense against potential threats.
97
Who were the Fenians?
A group of Irish Americans seeking Irish independence from British rule
## Footnote
The Fenians believed that attacking British territories would pressure Britain to grant Ireland independence.
98
What actions did the Fenians take in 1866?
Attacked border towns in the British colonies
## Footnote
The Fenians hoped these attacks would compel Britain to free Ireland from its rule.
99
How did the actions of the Fenians affect the colonists' feelings?
Increased nervousness about security
## Footnote
The attacks heightened concerns about the safety and security of the borders of British North America.
100
What was the relationship between the Maritime colonies and the Province of Canada?
The Maritime colonies had little in common with the Province of Canada
101
What geographic factor influenced the isolation of the Maritime colonies?
Geography kept them far from the large inland population
102
During which years was the 'Golden Age' of the Maritime colonies?
The years between 1840 and 1870
103
What was the primary livelihood of many Maritime colonists?
Many fished for a living
104
What era is referred to as the age of wind, wood, and sail in the Maritimes?
The Golden Age
105
What was significant about Maritime shipbuilders during the Golden Age?
They were respected for the wooden sailing ships they made
106
What was the rank of British North America's shipping fleet in the world?
The fourth-largest shipping fleet
107
Which countries had larger shipping fleets than British North America?
* Britain
* United States
* Norway
108
What percentage of ships were built in the Maritimes?
70 per cent
109
What industry came to symbolize the Maritimes?
Shipbuilding
110
Fill in the blank: The goods leaving Maritime ports were bound for _______.
Britain, the United States, and the Caribbean
111
What was the relationship between the Maritime colonies and the Province of Canada?
The Maritime colonies had little in common with the Province of Canada
112
What geographic factor influenced the isolation of the Maritime colonies?
Geography kept them far from the large inland population
113
During which years was the 'Golden Age' of the Maritime colonies?
The years between 1840 and 1870
114
What was the primary livelihood of many Maritime colonists?
Many fished for a living
115
What era is referred to as the age of wind, wood, and sail in the Maritimes?
The Golden Age
116
What was significant about Maritime shipbuilders during the Golden Age?
They were respected for the wooden sailing ships they made
117
What was the rank of British North America's shipping fleet in the world?
The fourth-largest shipping fleet
118
Which countries had larger shipping fleets than British North America?
* Britain
* United States
* Norway
119
What percentage of ships were built in the Maritimes?
70 per cent
120
What industry came to symbolize the Maritimes?
Shipbuilding
121
Fill in the blank: The goods leaving Maritime ports were bound for _______.
Britain, the United States, and the Caribbean
122
What were the major exports from the Maritimes?
Fish, lumber, and grain.
## Footnote
Coal mining was also significant, making Nova Scotia one of the largest coal producers.
123
Which groups lived in the eastern colonies?
Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, Scottish immigrants, Acadians, Loyalists, Irish immigrants, Black Loyalists, and German immigrants.
## Footnote
These groups contributed to the cultural diversity of the region.
124
What was the economic situation for the Mi'kmaq and Maliseet during the mid-nineteenth century?
They did not share in the economic benefits.
## Footnote
Many signed treaties and were assigned limited reserve lands, often unsuitable for farming.
125
How did Black Loyalists fare during this period?
They experienced racism and discrimination.
## Footnote
Despite strong exports in timber, workers on lumber gangs faced many hardships.
126
What was the perception of the mid-nineteenth century by most people in the Maritimes?
For most people, it was truly a Golden Age.
## Footnote
This contrasts with the experiences of marginalized groups.
127
What were some reasons people opposed union in the Maritimes?
Fear it would end good times and a desire to expand trade with Britain and the United States, not Canada.
## Footnote
Economic interests played a significant role in this opposition.
128
What changes were perceived as threats to the economy during this period?
New technologies based on coal, iron, and steel.
## Footnote
These threatened to end the age of wood, wind, and sail.
129
What potential benefits did supporters of union see?
Access to bigger economies of Canadian provinces and anticipated growth of trade within the union.
## Footnote
They believed union could enhance economic stability and growth.
130
What was the proposed railway's significance?
It would be good for business and could move troops in case of an American invasion.
## Footnote
This was seen as a strategic advantage for defense.
131
Fill in the blank: The mid-nineteenth century was not a golden age for _______.
First Nations
132
True or False: The majority of people in the Maritimes experienced economic hardship during the mid-nineteenth century.
False
## Footnote
Most people in the Maritimes enjoyed prosperity during this time.
133
What was the primary concern regarding Confederation among the Maritime colonies?
The concern that central Canada would control their affairs
## Footnote
This concern was significant in discussions about the structure of the Confederation.
134
What type of government structure was proposed in the discussions about Confederation?
Federalism
## Footnote
Federalism allows each colony to keep its own government to manage local affairs.
135
How would federalism benefit Canada East and Canada West?
It would allow each to have their own government and break the long-running political deadlock
## Footnote
This was crucial for facilitating cooperation among the provinces.
136
What was a significant outcome of the Confederation discussions?
The deadlock was finally broken
## Footnote
This was achieved through negotiations and compromises among the colonies.
137
Fill in the blank: Each colony would keep its own government to run its own _______.
affairs
138
True or False: Not everyone in British North America liked the idea of Confederation.
True
## Footnote
There were various opinions and concerns among the different colonies.
139
What role did politicians play in the Confederation discussions?
They had to work out a deal that everyone could accept
## Footnote
This involved negotiations among the different colonies.
140
What was the concern of the Maritime colonies regarding the proposed central government?
That it would control their affairs
## Footnote
This concern influenced the discussions and proposals made during the Confederation talks.
141
What were the names of two political groups involved in the Confederation discussions?
The Liberal Conservatives and Les Bleus
## Footnote
These groups represented different viewpoints and interests during the negotiations.
142
Fill in the blank: The arrangement of federalism was well suited to British North America with its _______ colonies.
scattered
143
What was the effect of having a central government in the proposed Confederation?
It would look after matters that affected the whole union
## Footnote
This centralization aimed to address issues that transcended individual colonies.
144
What was the primary concern regarding Confederation among the Maritime colonies?
The concern that central Canada would control their affairs
## Footnote
This concern was significant in discussions about the structure of the Confederation.
145
What type of government structure was proposed in the discussions about Confederation?
Federalism
## Footnote
Federalism allows each colony to keep its own government to manage local affairs.
146
How would federalism benefit Canada East and Canada West?
It would allow each to have their own government and break the long-running political deadlock
## Footnote
This was crucial for facilitating cooperation among the provinces.
147
What was a significant outcome of the Confederation discussions?
The deadlock was finally broken
## Footnote
This was achieved through negotiations and compromises among the colonies.
148
Fill in the blank: Each colony would keep its own government to run its own _______.
affairs
149
True or False: Not everyone in British North America liked the idea of Confederation.
True
## Footnote
There were various opinions and concerns among the different colonies.
150
What role did politicians play in the Confederation discussions?
They had to work out a deal that everyone could accept
## Footnote
This involved negotiations among the different colonies.
151
What was the concern of the Maritime colonies regarding the proposed central government?
That it would control their affairs
## Footnote
This concern influenced the discussions and proposals made during the Confederation talks.
152
What were the names of two political groups involved in the Confederation discussions?
The Liberal Conservatives and Les Bleus
## Footnote
These groups represented different viewpoints and interests during the negotiations.
153
Fill in the blank: The arrangement of federalism was well suited to British North America with its _______ colonies.
scattered
154
What was the effect of having a central government in the proposed Confederation?
It would look after matters that affected the whole union
## Footnote
This centralization aimed to address issues that transcended individual colonies.
155
What was the general sentiment in Canada West regarding union?
Most of the people were in favour of union
## Footnote
This sentiment reflects a desire for collaboration and unity among the provinces.
156
What concerns did many Canadiens in Canada East have about the new country?
They worried that English Canadians would control the new country
## Footnote
This concern highlighted fears of cultural and political dominance.
157
Who was George-Etienne Cartier and what was his belief regarding federalism?
He believed that federalism would give the Canadiens control over matters that affected them directly
## Footnote
Cartier was a prominent political figure advocating for a federal system that respected regional identities.
158
What promises were made to Francophones in the context of the union?
Their language and rights would be respected
## Footnote
These promises were crucial for gaining support from the Francophone population.
159
What was the initial reaction of New Brunswick's Assembly towards the idea of union?
They voted against the idea
## Footnote
This reflects initial resistance to the proposed union among some colonies.
160
What influenced New Brunswick politicians to change their minds about the union?
Pressure from Britain and the promise of a railway
## Footnote
The railway was seen as a significant benefit for economic development and connectivity.
161
What were Joseph Howe's concerns regarding Nova Scotia's role in the union?
He worried that Nova Scotia would have little influence and face higher taxes
## Footnote
Howe's apprehensions illustrate the fears of smaller provinces losing power in a larger confederation.
162
Fill in the blank: Many people in New Brunswick worried that the larger Canadian colonies would ______ the union.
dominate
## Footnote
This reflects fears of imbalance in power among the provinces.
163
What was the outcome of the vote in New Brunswick regarding the union?
They voted in support of the union
## Footnote
This decision was influenced by external pressures and promises made.
164
True or False: Prince Edward Island was well-connected with the other colonies during the discussions of union.
False
## Footnote
Prince Edward Island felt isolated from the other colonies, impacting its stance on union.
165
What was the general sentiment in Canada West regarding union?
Most of the people were in favour of union
## Footnote
This sentiment reflects a desire for collaboration and unity among the provinces.
166
What concerns did many Canadiens in Canada East have about the new country?
They worried that English Canadians would control the new country
## Footnote
This concern highlighted fears of cultural and political dominance.
167
Who was George-Etienne Cartier and what was his belief regarding federalism?
He believed that federalism would give the Canadiens control over matters that affected them directly
## Footnote
Cartier was a prominent political figure advocating for a federal system that respected regional identities.
168
What promises were made to Francophones in the context of the union?
Their language and rights would be respected
## Footnote
These promises were crucial for gaining support from the Francophone population.
169
What was the initial reaction of New Brunswick's Assembly towards the idea of union?
They voted against the idea
## Footnote
This reflects initial resistance to the proposed union among some colonies.
170
What influenced New Brunswick politicians to change their minds about the union?
Pressure from Britain and the promise of a railway
## Footnote
The railway was seen as a significant benefit for economic development and connectivity.
171
What were Joseph Howe's concerns regarding Nova Scotia's role in the union?
He worried that Nova Scotia would have little influence and face higher taxes
## Footnote
Howe's apprehensions illustrate the fears of smaller provinces losing power in a larger confederation.
172
Fill in the blank: Many people in New Brunswick worried that the larger Canadian colonies would ______ the union.
dominate
## Footnote
This reflects fears of imbalance in power among the provinces.
173
What was the outcome of the vote in New Brunswick regarding the union?
They voted in support of the union
## Footnote
This decision was influenced by external pressures and promises made.
174
True or False: Prince Edward Island was well-connected with the other colonies during the discussions of union.
False
## Footnote
Prince Edward Island felt isolated from the other colonies, impacting its stance on union.
175
What year did Newfoundland join Confederation?
1949
## Footnote
Newfoundland and Labrador was the last province to join the Canadian Confederation.
176
What was a primary reason Newfoundland stayed out of Confederation until 1949?
Limited common interests with other colonies
## Footnote
The people of Newfoundland felt they would have little influence in a distant government.
177
How did the people of Newfoundland view their ties to Britain?
They were rarely interested
## Footnote
This lack of interest contributed to their reluctance to join Confederation.
178
Who was Edward Slard?
An individual who argued and cajoled for Newfoundland's inclusion in Confederation
## Footnote
His efforts were significant in the discussions surrounding Confederation.
179
True or False: Newfoundland had a strong desire to join the Confederation with the other colonies before 1949.
False
## Footnote
The people of Newfoundland did not believe they would gain much from joining.
180
What was the main sentiment of Newfoundland's people towards Confederation?
They believed they would have little influence
## Footnote
This sentiment contributed to their decision to remain outside of Confederation for many years.
181
Fill in the blank: Newfoundland and Labrador did not join Confederation until _______.
1949
182
What year did Newfoundland join Confederation?
1949
## Footnote
Newfoundland and Labrador was the last province to join the Canadian Confederation.
183
What was a primary reason Newfoundland stayed out of Confederation until 1949?
Limited common interests with other colonies
## Footnote
The people of Newfoundland felt they would have little influence in a distant government.
184
How did the people of Newfoundland view their ties to Britain?
They were rarely interested
## Footnote
This lack of interest contributed to their reluctance to join Confederation.
185
Who was Edward Slard?
An individual who argued and cajoled for Newfoundland's inclusion in Confederation
## Footnote
His efforts were significant in the discussions surrounding Confederation.
186
True or False: Newfoundland had a strong desire to join the Confederation with the other colonies before 1949.
False
## Footnote
The people of Newfoundland did not believe they would gain much from joining.
187
What was the main sentiment of Newfoundland's people towards Confederation?
They believed they would have little influence
## Footnote
This sentiment contributed to their decision to remain outside of Confederation for many years.
188
Fill in the blank: Newfoundland and Labrador did not join Confederation until _______.
1949
189
What year was the BNA Act passed?
1867
## Footnote
The BNA Act officially established the Dominion of Canada.
190
What did the BNA Act achieve for Canada?
It officially made Canada a country
## Footnote
Canada became a Dominion while still being part of the British Empire.
191
Who controlled defence and foreign affairs in Canada after Confederation?
Britain
## Footnote
Canada remained part of the British Empire and the British monarch was the head of state.
192
Who represents the British monarch in Canada?
The Governor General
## Footnote
Since 1935, the Governor General has been chosen by the prime minister.
193
What are the two parts of the Parliament of Canada?
House of Commons and Senate
## Footnote
The House of Commons is elected, while the Senate is appointed.
194
How is representation in the House of Commons determined?
Based on rep by pop
## Footnote
Provinces with larger populations, like Ontario and Québec, have more seats.
195
How are Senate seats allocated?
Based on region
## Footnote
This allocation gives less populated provinces a larger voice in government.
196
What is the main power of the Canadian Parliament?
The House of Commons holds the real power
## Footnote
The Senate serves to protect minority rights and provide regional representation.
197
The British monarch was Canada's head of state after Confederation. True or False?
True
## Footnote
Canada remained under the British Empire's influence.
198
Fill in the blank: The Governor General has been chosen by the ______ since 1935.
prime minister
## Footnote
This role involves representing the British monarch in Canada.
199
What year was the BNA Act passed?
1867
## Footnote
The BNA Act officially established the Dominion of Canada.
200
What did the BNA Act achieve for Canada?
It officially made Canada a country
## Footnote
Canada became a Dominion while still being part of the British Empire.
201
Who controlled defence and foreign affairs in Canada after Confederation?
Britain
## Footnote
Canada remained part of the British Empire and the British monarch was the head of state.
202
Who represents the British monarch in Canada?
The Governor General
## Footnote
Since 1935, the Governor General has been chosen by the prime minister.
203
What are the two parts of the Parliament of Canada?
House of Commons and Senate
## Footnote
The House of Commons is elected, while the Senate is appointed.
204
How is representation in the House of Commons determined?
Based on rep by pop
## Footnote
Provinces with larger populations, like Ontario and Québec, have more seats.
205
How are Senate seats allocated?
Based on region
## Footnote
This allocation gives less populated provinces a larger voice in government.
206
What is the main power of the Canadian Parliament?
The House of Commons holds the real power
## Footnote
The Senate serves to protect minority rights and provide regional representation.
207
The British monarch was Canada's head of state after Confederation. True or False?
True
## Footnote
Canada remained under the British Empire's influence.
208
Fill in the blank: The Governor General has been chosen by the ______ since 1935.
prime minister
## Footnote
This role involves representing the British monarch in Canada.
209
What percentage of the population had the vote in Canada in 1867?
11 percent
## Footnote
This percentage was limited due to property ownership and other restrictions.
210
Who was eligible to vote in Canada in 1867?
Citizens over the age of 21 who owned property or rented large amounts
## Footnote
Married women, many single women, visible minorities, farm labourers, unskilled workers, First Nations, Métis, and Inuit were excluded.
211
What significant act influenced the development of Canada?
The BNA Act
## Footnote
The BNA Act established the framework for Canada’s governance and responsibilities.
212
What responsibility did the BNA Act assign to provinces?
Education
## Footnote
This allowed provinces to control educational systems, impacting language instruction.
213
What was a consequence of the provinces using their power over education?
Denial of instruction in French
## Footnote
This affected many Francophones' access to education in their language.
214
How has voting eligibility changed from 1867 to today in Canada?
All Canadian citizens aged 18 and older can vote
## Footnote
This represents a significant expansion of voting rights compared to 1867.
215
Fill in the blank: In 1867, married women could _______.
not vote
## Footnote
This reflects the gender restrictions on voting at that time.
216
True or False: In 1867, First Nations people were allowed to vote.
False
## Footnote
First Nations, Métis, and Inuit were among those excluded from voting.
