3: The British in North America Flashcards
1
Q
What economic system did many imperial powers from Europe use to grow powerful?
A
Mercantilism
Mercantilism focused on accumulating wealth through trade, particularly by exploiting colonial resources.
2
Q
How did mercantilism allow an imperial country to become rich?
A
By selling resources taken from its colonies
This system enabled countries to accumulate gold and silver.
3
Q
What resources were mentioned as bringing wealth to the home country?
A
- Fish
- Furs
- Wood
- Iron ore
These resources were abundant in the colonies and crucial for trade.
4
Q
What advantage did the home country have with unlimited access to colonial resources?
A
It no longer had to pay to get them from other countries
This led to reduced costs and increased profits.
5
Q
What could the imperial country do with resources it did not need?
A
Sell them to other countries in exchange for gold and silver
This practice further enriched the imperial power.
6
Q
Which imperial power is examined as an example of mercantilism?
A
Britain
Britain utilized the mercantile system through its colonies in North America.
7
Q
What was Britain’s goal in using the mercantile system through its colonies?
A
To obtain everything it needed to become rich and powerful
The strategy aimed at self-sufficiency and wealth accumulation.
8
Q
Fill in the blank: Mercantilism allowed imperial countries to grow powerful by accumulating _______.
A
gold and silver
These precious metals were the primary measure of wealth in mercantilist economies.
9
Q
True or False: The mercantile system encouraged imperial powers to rely on other nations for resources.
A
False
The system was designed to minimize reliance on external resources.
10
Q
What was the primary belief of European imperial powers regarding empires?
A
An empire was the path to wealth and power.
11
Q
Who was the first English explorer to attempt building a colony in North America?
A
Walter Raleigh
12
Q
What year did Walter Raleigh first attempt to build a colony in North America?
A
1585
13
Q
What happened to Walter Raleigh’s first attempt to establish a colony?
A
It failed.
14
Q
What was the outcome of Walter Raleigh’s second attempt to build a colony in North America?
A
It failed too.
15
Q
Fill in the blank: The British built colonies in America to expand their _______.
A
empire
16
Q
True or False: Walter Raleigh was successful in his first and second attempts to establish a colony in North America.
A
False
17
Q
What was a significant reason for the British to colonize America?
A
To gain wealth and power.
18
Q
Why was it important for Britain to build colonies in America?
A
To enhance the economy, compete with Spain and France, improve quality of life, and provide religious freedom
These factors motivated Britain to establish colonies as a means to gain wealth and power.
19
Q
What economic reason drove Britain to establish colonies in America?
A
To make money similar to France, Spain, and Portugal
These countries had profited significantly from their colonies in the Americas.
20
Q
What was a key competitive reason for establishing colonies?
A
To prevent Spain and France from becoming more powerful
Britain aimed to expand its own empire and influence.
21
Q
How did overcrowding in British cities influence colonial expansion?
A
Colonies provided a place to resettle people
This was essential for alleviating the population pressures in Britain.
22
Q
Which religious groups sought freedom in the American colonies?
A
Puritans, Quakers, and Baptists
These groups faced persecution in Britain due to their beliefs.
23
Q
What was King James I’s concern regarding the establishment of colonies?
A
The cost of setting up the colonies
He was worried about the financial implications for the government.
24
Q
In what year did King James I begin granting permission for private groups to set up colonies?
A
1607
This marked a significant step in the establishment of British colonies in North America.
25
Fill in the blank: Many religious groups in Britain were treated badly because of their _______.
[beliefs]
26
Why was it important for Britain to build colonies in America?
To enhance the economy, compete with Spain and France, improve quality of life, and provide religious freedom
## Footnote
These factors motivated Britain to establish colonies as a means to gain wealth and power.
27
What economic reason drove Britain to establish colonies in America?
To make money similar to France, Spain, and Portugal
## Footnote
These countries had profited significantly from their colonies in the Americas.
28
What was a key competitive reason for establishing colonies?
To prevent Spain and France from becoming more powerful
## Footnote
Britain aimed to expand its own empire and influence.
29
How did overcrowding in British cities influence colonial expansion?
Colonies provided a place to resettle people
## Footnote
This was essential for alleviating the population pressures in Britain.
30
Which religious groups sought freedom in the American colonies?
Puritans, Quakers, and Baptists
## Footnote
These groups faced persecution in Britain due to their beliefs.
31
What was King James I's concern regarding the establishment of colonies?
The cost of setting up the colonies
## Footnote
He was worried about the financial implications for the government.
32
In what year did King James I begin granting permission for private groups to set up colonies?
1607
## Footnote
This marked a significant step in the establishment of British colonies in North America.
33
Fill in the blank: Many religious groups in Britain were treated badly because of their _______.
[beliefs]
34
What were the Thirteen Colonies?
13 separate colonies established by Britain along the eastern coast of present-day United States
## Footnote
The colonies were known collectively as New England.
35
What was the economy of Virginia primarily based on?
Growing tobacco
## Footnote
Tobacco was very popular in Europe and drove the demand in Virginia.
36
What role did the demand for tobacco play in Virginia?
It was similar to the role of furs in New France
## Footnote
Both commodities were crucial for the economies of their respective colonies.
37
Who founded the colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts?
The Pilgrims
## Footnote
The Pilgrims sought a place to practice their religion freely.
38
What were some economic activities of early settlers in New England?
Clearing farms, raising cattle, and fishing
## Footnote
These activities supported the livelihoods of the settlers.
39
True or False: New France and the Thirteen Colonies were founded at the same time.
True
## Footnote
Both regions were established during the early colonial period.
40
Why did England's colonies grow more quickly than New France?
Various factors contributed to the faster growth of England's colonies
## Footnote
Specific reasons are not detailed, but could include migration patterns and economic opportunities.
41
Fill in the blank: The Pilgrims came to America in search of a _______.
place where they could practise their religion freely.
42
What was the geographic location of the Thirteen Colonies?
Eastern coast of present-day United States
## Footnote
This area is significant in the history of American colonization.
43
What was the primary economic activity in the early economy of New France?
The fur trade
## Footnote
The fur trade was the main economic activity due to the demand for thick furs.
44
What climate characteristics defined the SwenC Valley and Acadia?
Extreme winters and long, cold conditions
## Footnote
The climate made it harder for people to live comfortably.
45
Which group had the monopoly over trade opportunities in New France?
Only French Catholics
## Footnote
They dominated trade and other economic opportunities.
46
What did Britain aim to gain by establishing settlements in the colonies?
Military and economic advantage
## Footnote
The British invested heavily to compete with other imperial countries.
47
True or False: New France was allowed to trade with any country.
False
## Footnote
New France could only trade within France.
48
What was the climate like in the southern colonies?
Mild
## Footnote
This climate allowed farms to flourish year-round.
49
List three economic activities of the British colonies.
* Farming
* Fishing
* Logging
## Footnote
These activities were crucial to the economies of the British colonies.
50
Fill in the blank: The British invested a lot of money in their _______ overseas.
colonies
## Footnote
This investment was aimed at establishing a presence and influence.
51
What were the American colonies primarily focused on collecting?
Furs, timber, fish, and metal
## Footnote
These resources were essential to the colonial economy.
52
What was the impact of the climate on the lifestyle of people in New France?
Life was harder due to extreme weather conditions
## Footnote
The long winters affected daily living and economic activities.
53
What was the advantage of the French preference for certain furs?
Thick furs
## Footnote
These were preferred in trade, impacting the types of animals hunted.
54
What was the relationship between the British colonies and the French in terms of trade?
Competitive
## Footnote
The British sought to outmaneuver the French economically.
55
What was the primary economic activity in the early economy of New France?
The fur trade
## Footnote
The fur trade was the main economic activity due to the demand for thick furs.
56
What climate characteristics defined the SwenC Valley and Acadia?
Extreme winters and long, cold conditions
## Footnote
The climate made it harder for people to live comfortably.
57
Which group had the monopoly over trade opportunities in New France?
Only French Catholics
## Footnote
They dominated trade and other economic opportunities.
58
What did Britain aim to gain by establishing settlements in the colonies?
Military and economic advantage
## Footnote
The British invested heavily to compete with other imperial countries.
59
True or False: New France was allowed to trade with any country.
False
## Footnote
New France could only trade within France.
60
What was the climate like in the southern colonies?
Mild
## Footnote
This climate allowed farms to flourish year-round.
61
List three economic activities of the British colonies.
* Farming
* Fishing
* Logging
## Footnote
These activities were crucial to the economies of the British colonies.
62
Fill in the blank: The British invested a lot of money in their _______ overseas.
colonies
## Footnote
This investment was aimed at establishing a presence and influence.
63
What were the American colonies primarily focused on collecting?
Furs, timber, fish, and metal
## Footnote
These resources were essential to the colonial economy.
64
What was the impact of the climate on the lifestyle of people in New France?
Life was harder due to extreme weather conditions
## Footnote
The long winters affected daily living and economic activities.
65
What was the advantage of the French preference for certain furs?
Thick furs
## Footnote
These were preferred in trade, impacting the types of animals hunted.
66
What was the relationship between the British colonies and the French in terms of trade?
Competitive
## Footnote
The British sought to outmaneuver the French economically.
67
Who was John Cabot?
John Cabot, called Giovanni Caboto in his native language, was an explorer who claimed Newfoundland for Britain.
68
What was the primary interest of the British in Newfoundland?
The British were primarily interested in fishing, not in establishing colonies.
69
Why was fish an important food staple in Europe?
Fish was important due to the Church's prohibition on eating meat on certain days of the week, especially in Catholic countries.
70
What did John Cabot discover about the fish stocks in Newfoundland?
News about the fish stocks spread quickly among the fishing fleets of Europe, leading to increased fishing activity.
71
What challenges did the British face in Newfoundland?
The British faced challenges such as harsh climate and poor soil for farming.
72
True or False: The British were interested in building settlements in Newfoundland.
False.
73
What did most fishermen do while fishing in Newfoundland?
Most fishermen stayed on board their ships and went ashore only to dry their catch.
74
Fill in the blank: The British were not interested in building settlements in Newfoundland because the climate was too _______ and the soil was not good for _______.
harsh; farming.
75
What led to competition among fishing fleets in Newfoundland?
Competition arose to secure the best harbors for drying stations as the fishery grew.
76
What did some crew members begin to do as the fishing season progressed?
Some crew members began staying behind for the winter to guard the drying sites.
77
What event marked the beginning of British newcomers' growth in Newfoundland?
The king granted captains permission to build fishing villages on the coast
## Footnote
This marked the start of significant British settlement in the region.
78
In what year did the king appoint a governor for Newfoundland?
1729
## Footnote
This appointment signified Newfoundland's transition from a fishing station to a recognized colony.
79
What was the primary purpose of the fishing villages in Newfoundland initially?
To serve as a fishing station
## Footnote
The villages were established primarily for fishing activities before evolving into a colony.
80
Fill in the blank: Newfoundland was evolving from a _______ into a colony.
fishing station
## Footnote
This evolution reflects the changing economic and political significance of Newfoundland.
81
True or False: The appointment of a governor in 1729 indicated that Britain was ignoring Newfoundland.
False
## Footnote
The appointment of a governor was a clear indication that Britain was acknowledging and taking control of Newfoundland.
82
What event marked the beginning of British newcomers' growth in Newfoundland?
The king granted captains permission to build fishing villages on the coast
## Footnote
This marked the start of significant British settlement in the region.
83
In what year did the king appoint a governor for Newfoundland?
1729
## Footnote
This appointment signified Newfoundland's transition from a fishing station to a recognized colony.
84
What was the primary purpose of the fishing villages in Newfoundland initially?
To serve as a fishing station
## Footnote
The villages were established primarily for fishing activities before evolving into a colony.
85
Fill in the blank: Newfoundland was evolving from a _______ into a colony.
fishing station
## Footnote
This evolution reflects the changing economic and political significance of Newfoundland.
86
True or False: The appointment of a governor in 1729 indicated that Britain was ignoring Newfoundland.
False
## Footnote
The appointment of a governor was a clear indication that Britain was acknowledging and taking control of Newfoundland.
87
What was Britain's concern regarding Nova Scotia in the mid-18th century?
The strong French presence in Nova Scotia and at the Fortress of Louisbourg
## Footnote
This concern led Britain to tighten its control over the former French colony.
88
What does 'sovereignty' mean in the context of Britain's actions in Nova Scotia?
Tightening control over the former French colony
## Footnote
Sovereignty refers to the authority of a state to govern itself.
89
What was the Mikmaq term for the location where Halifax was built?
Chebucto
## Footnote
Chebucto means 'the biggest harbour'.
90
What was the purpose of building Halifax?
To serve as a base for British troops and naval ships
## Footnote
The settlement was strategically important for British interests in the region.
91
How many ships and soldiers/colonists were involved in the initial settlement of Halifax?
Sixteen ships with 2600 soldiers and colonists
## Footnote
This large group was essential for establishing the town.
92
Who was Halifax named after?
A British official in London overseeing the project
## Footnote
This individual played a significant role in the establishment of Halifax.
93
What was the structure of the government in Halifax?
Governor, council of advisors, and an elected assembly
## Footnote
This structure was typical for colonial governance.
94
What significant change occurred in Halifax in 1758?
Britain insisted that an election be held
## Footnote
This allowed citizens to participate actively in their government.
95
What was notable about the elected assembly in Halifax?
It was the first elected assembly in British North America
## Footnote
This marked a significant step towards self-governance in the region.
96
Fill in the blank: Active citizenship involves more than voting; it includes _______.
working, paying taxes, volunteering, or abiding by the law
## Footnote
These contributions are vital for the functioning of a society.
97
What was Britain's concern regarding Nova Scotia in the mid-18th century?
The strong French presence in Nova Scotia and at the Fortress of Louisbourg
## Footnote
This concern led Britain to tighten its control over the former French colony.
98
What does 'sovereignty' mean in the context of Britain's actions in Nova Scotia?
Tightening control over the former French colony
## Footnote
Sovereignty refers to the authority of a state to govern itself.
99
What was the Mikmaq term for the location where Halifax was built?
Chebucto
## Footnote
Chebucto means 'the biggest harbour'.
100
What was the purpose of building Halifax?
To serve as a base for British troops and naval ships
## Footnote
The settlement was strategically important for British interests in the region.
101
How many ships and soldiers/colonists were involved in the initial settlement of Halifax?
Sixteen ships with 2600 soldiers and colonists
## Footnote
This large group was essential for establishing the town.
102
Who was Halifax named after?
A British official in London overseeing the project
## Footnote
This individual played a significant role in the establishment of Halifax.
103
What was the structure of the government in Halifax?
Governor, council of advisors, and an elected assembly
## Footnote
This structure was typical for colonial governance.
104
What significant change occurred in Halifax in 1758?
Britain insisted that an election be held
## Footnote
This allowed citizens to participate actively in their government.
105
What was notable about the elected assembly in Halifax?
It was the first elected assembly in British North America
## Footnote
This marked a significant step towards self-governance in the region.
106
Fill in the blank: Active citizenship involves more than voting; it includes _______.
working, paying taxes, volunteering, or abiding by the law
## Footnote
These contributions are vital for the functioning of a society.
107
Who were the Mi'kmaq people concerned about?
The British newcomers
## Footnote
The Mi'kmaq lived in Nova Scotia and were apprehensive about the British colonization.
108
What was one of the Mi'kmaq people's preferred coastal campsites?
The site where Halifax was built
## Footnote
This location was significant to the Mi'kmaq prior to British settlement.
109
Who urged the Mi'kmaq to make life difficult for the British?
Their French allies
## Footnote
The French supported the Mi'kmaq in opposing British colonization.
110
What orders did Lord Cornwallis issue regarding the Mi'kmaq people?
"Annoy, distress, take, or destroy Mi'kmaq people wherever they are found"
## Footnote
This reflects the aggressive stance of the British towards the Mi'kmaq.
111
What decision did the British newcomers make regarding building farms outside Halifax?
It was not a good time to build farms
## Footnote
Hostile relations with the Mi'kmaq influenced this decision.
112
Why was there little good farmland available in the colony?
The Acadians already occupied most of the fertile land
## Footnote
The presence of Acadians contributed to the scarcity of farmland for newcomers.
113
What increased tensions between the French and British colonists in Nova Scotia?
The situation with the Mi'kmaq and land occupation
## Footnote
Conflicts over land and alliances with indigenous people heightened friction between the groups.
114
True or False: The peace between French and British colonists in Nova Scotia seemed likely to last much longer.
False
## Footnote
The conditions indicated that peace was unlikely to endure.
115
What was the importance of the creation of the Hudson's Bay Company?
The Hudson's Bay Company was formed to capitalize on the demand for beaver furs in Europe, leading to competition among imperial powers for fur resources in North America.
## Footnote
The company played a crucial role in the fur trade and the exploration of North America.
116
Which two coureurs de bois are mentioned in the context of exploring Hudson Bay?
Pierre Radisson and Sieur des Groseilliers.
## Footnote
They were instrumental in promoting the search for Hudson Bay.
117
What did Radisson and des Groseilliers believe they would find if they discovered Hudson Bay?
An abundant new supply of furs.
## Footnote
Their expedition was motivated by the potential for profit in the fur trade.
118
What was the reaction of the governor of New France to Radisson and des Groseilliers' plan?
He was not interested in searching for the mysterious body of water.
## Footnote
This led them to seek support from British merchants instead.
119
In what year did Radisson and des Groseilliers set sail from London?
1668.
## Footnote
This expedition marked the British entry into the fur trade in North America.
120
What happened to Radisson's ship during the expedition?
It was forced to turn back due to a storm.
## Footnote
Only the second ship continued on the journey.
121
Fill in the blank: The demand for _______ furs was a driving force behind the competition among imperial powers in North America.
beaver
122
True or False: The British were the only imperial power interested in the fur trade in North America.
False.
## Footnote
The French and First Nations also competed for furs.
123
What motivated the Europeans to explore Hudson Bay?
The potential for abundant fur resources.
## Footnote
Stories from the First Nations fueled interest in the area.
124
Who reached the vast body of water spoken of by the First Nations?
des Groseilliers and his crew
## Footnote
They built a small fort at the mouth of the Rupert River.
125
What did des Groseilliers and his crew do during the winter?
Traded with the local Cree and Innu
## Footnote
The Cree are referred to as Nehiyawak and the Innu as IN-noo.
126
What did des Groseilliers and Radisson return to England with?
A shipload of furs
127
In what year did King Charles II grant a monopoly to the Hudson's Bay Company?
1670
128
What territory did the monopoly of the Hudson's Bay Company cover?
All the lands drained by the rivers that flowed into Hudson Bay
## Footnote
This territory is now most of Western and Northern Canada.
129
What was the name of the area that the British called after Prince Rupert?
Rupert's Land
130
What was the primary interest of the Hudson's Bay Company?
Trade
131
What did the Hudson's Bay Company build at the mouths of important rivers?
Trading posts
132
Who brought furs to the trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company?
First Nations and Inuit hunters
133
What prompted the French fur traders to take action against the British?
They could not stand by while the English grabbed up all the furs in Rupert's Land
134
Who led the bold attack on British forts along the bay in 1686?
Pierre de Troyes
135
True or False: The Hudson's Bay Company was interested in building a colony.
False
136
Fill in the blank: The Hudson's Bay Company was granted a monopoly by King Charles II in _______.
1670
137
What mode of transport did the British use to travel from the interior?
Canoe
138
Which locations were captured by De Troyes and his troops?
Rupert House, Moose Factory, Albany Factory
139
What was the outcome for the British when De Troyes captured these locations?
Caught off-guard; did not have time to load their cannons
140
Who was the most famous soldier in New France?
Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
141
In what year did d'Iberville succeed in capturing York Factory?
1697
142
What significant naval battle did d'Iberville participate in?
Battle on the waters of the bay
143
What was the result of d'Iberville's naval battle?
Sank or drove away three British warships
144
What treaty brought peace between Britain and France?
Treaty of Utrecht
145
What territories were returned to the British by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713?
Hudson Bay lands, Acadia, Newfoundland
146
What were the battles over fur-trading posts part of?
Larger conflict between Britain and France for control of North America and the fur trade
147
How long did the war between Britain and France last after the Treaty of Utrecht?
Another 50 years
148
Fill in the blank: The French victories in Rupert's Land did not last due to the _______.
[Treaty of Utrecht]
149
True or False: The British maintained control of York Factory after the initial French victories.
True
150
What mode of transport did the British use to travel from the interior?
Canoe
151
Which locations were captured by De Troyes and his troops?
Rupert House, Moose Factory, Albany Factory
152
What was the outcome for the British when De Troyes captured these locations?
Caught off-guard; did not have time to load their cannons
153
Who was the most famous soldier in New France?
Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
154
In what year did d'Iberville succeed in capturing York Factory?
1697
155
What significant naval battle did d'Iberville participate in?
Battle on the waters of the bay
156
What was the result of d'Iberville's naval battle?
Sank or drove away three British warships
157
What treaty brought peace between Britain and France?
Treaty of Utrecht
158
What territories were returned to the British by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713?
Hudson Bay lands, Acadia, Newfoundland
159
What were the battles over fur-trading posts part of?
Larger conflict between Britain and France for control of North America and the fur trade
160
How long did the war between Britain and France last after the Treaty of Utrecht?
Another 50 years
161
Fill in the blank: The French victories in Rupert's Land did not last due to the _______.
[Treaty of Utrecht]
162
True or False: The British maintained control of York Factory after the initial French victories.
True
163
What was the initial approach of traders at the Hudson's Bay Company?
Traders stayed at their forts and waited for First Nations peoples to bring furs.
164
Who began interfering in the British fur trade?
The French began interfering.
165
What strategy did the French use to compete with British traders?
The French met First Nations trappers before they reached British forts and bought the furs.
166
What significant change did British traders have to make due to French competition?
British traders had to travel into the interior themselves.
167
Who was Henry Kelsey?
Henry Kelsey worked for the Hudson's Bay Company.
168
What was Henry Kelsey's goal during his journey in 1690?
To meet Aboriginal peoples and convince them to become trading partners.
169
List some items Henry Kelsey took with him on his journey.
* Brass pot
* Blanket
* Guns
* Tobacco
* Hatchet
170
How did Kelsey travel during his journey?
On foot and by canoe.
171
What geographical features did Kelsey encounter during his journey?
He traveled from forested areas into the grasslands of the prairies.
172
What was significant about Kelsey's sighting during his travels?
He was the first European to see the vast herds of buffalo that once roamed the Plains.
173
How were First Nations peoples' attitudes towards Kelsey during his travels?
They welcomed him to their territories.
174
Which First Nation did the Cree have alliances with?
The Siksika First Nation.
175
What impact did Kelsey's contact with First Nations have on the fur trade?
He increased the flow of furs from the interior to the Hudson Bay posts.
176
Fill in the blank: Henry Kelsey was the first European to see the vast herds of _______.
buffalo
177
True or False: Kelsey remained on the prairies for one year.
False
178
How far west did Kelsey travel during his two years on the prairies?
As far west as present-day Saskatchewan.
179
What was the initial approach of traders at the Hudson's Bay Company?
Traders stayed at their forts and waited for First Nations peoples to bring furs.
180
Who began interfering in the British fur trade?
The French began interfering.
181
What strategy did the French use to compete with British traders?
The French met First Nations trappers before they reached British forts and bought the furs.
182
What significant change did British traders have to make due to French competition?
British traders had to travel into the interior themselves.
183
Who was Henry Kelsey?
Henry Kelsey worked for the Hudson's Bay Company.
184
What was Henry Kelsey's goal during his journey in 1690?
To meet Aboriginal peoples and convince them to become trading partners.
185
List some items Henry Kelsey took with him on his journey.
* Brass pot
* Blanket
* Guns
* Tobacco
* Hatchet
186
How did Kelsey travel during his journey?
On foot and by canoe.
187
What geographical features did Kelsey encounter during his journey?
He traveled from forested areas into the grasslands of the prairies.
188
What was significant about Kelsey's sighting during his travels?
He was the first European to see the vast herds of buffalo that once roamed the Plains.
189
How were First Nations peoples' attitudes towards Kelsey during his travels?
They welcomed him to their territories.
190
Which First Nation did the Cree have alliances with?
The Siksika First Nation.
191
What impact did Kelsey's contact with First Nations have on the fur trade?
He increased the flow of furs from the interior to the Hudson Bay posts.
192
Fill in the blank: Henry Kelsey was the first European to see the vast herds of _______.
buffalo
193
True or False: Kelsey remained on the prairies for one year.
False
194
How far west did Kelsey travel during his two years on the prairies?
As far west as present-day Saskatchewan.
195
Who was the British explorer that worked for the Hudson's Bay Company and set off from York Factory in 1745?
Anthony Henday
## Footnote
Henday aimed to explore the lands that are now part of Alberta.
196
What was Anthony Henday's goal when he traveled to the area that is now Red Deer, Alberta?
To make contact with the Siksika people and convince them to trade furs
## Footnote
He sought to bring their furs to Hudson Bay.
197
How many tipis were in the large Siksika camp that Henday arrived at?
About 200 tipis
## Footnote
This indicates a significant Siksika community presence.
198
What cultural practice did the Siksika engage in during Henday's visit?
Smoking
## Footnote
This was part of their cultural practices to ensure well-being.
199
What was the basis of Siksika society?
Egality among its members
## Footnote
This reflects their social structure and values.
200
What did Henday invite the Siksika to do?
Bring furs to the trading posts at Hudson Bay
## Footnote
He proposed a profit-driven economy.
201
True or False: The Siksika accepted Henday's offer to trade for profit.
False
## Footnote
The Siksika refused the idea of trading for profit.
202
What would the Siksika have to carefully consider before adopting Henday's trading proposal?
The idea of trading for profit
## Footnote
This was a significant shift from their traditional practices.
203
Fill in the blank: Henday traveled to the Northern Lands beyond the tree line to meet the _______ people.
[specific indigenous group]
## Footnote
The text does not specify the group, indicating a gap in information.
204
What was the primary goal of British explorers regarding the Northwest Passage?
To find a passage from the Pacific coast
205
In what year did James Cook sail into a harbour on Vancouver Island?
1778
206
Who welcomed James Cook upon his arrival on Vancouver Island?
The Nuu-chah-nulth
207
What valuable resource did Cook and his crew discover they could trade for in China?
Sea otter skins
208
What nickname was given to sea otter pelts due to their high value?
Soft gold
209
Who was the British sea captain that followed in the wake of Captain Cook?
George Vancouver
210
From what years did George Vancouver and his crew explore the Pacific coast?
1791 to 1794
211
What significant contribution did George Vancouver make during his explorations?
He drew the first accurate map of the shoreline of present-day British Columbia
212
What conclusion did Vancouver's explorations lead to regarding the Northwest Passage?
There was no entrance to the Northwest Passage along the coast
213
What is the name of Canada's third-largest city that bears George Vancouver's name?
Vancouver
214
Fill in the blank: The Nuu-chah-nulth lived on _______.
Vancouver Island
215
True or False: James Cook successfully found the Northwest Passage.
False
