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1. Social 7 > 5: War and Peace > Flashcards

5: War and Peace Flashcards

1
Q

What is a superpower?

A

A country that is more powerful than almost all other countries and dominates world affairs.

This term is often used in political science and international relations.

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2
Q

Which country is currently considered the world’s largest superpower?

A

The United States.

The United States holds significant military, economic, and cultural influence globally.

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3
Q

In the 1700s, which two countries were rival superpowers?

A

France and England.

Both had large armies, strong navies, and controlled vast empires.

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4
Q

What characteristics did France and England share as superpowers in the 1700s?

A

They had huge, well-equipped armies, strong navies, and were wealthy.

Their wealth allowed them to maintain and expand their empires.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Superpowers control vast _______.

A

empires.

These empires often included colonies and territories across different continents.

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6
Q

What is a superpower?

A

A country that is more powerful than almost all other countries and dominates world affairs.

This term is often used in political science and international relations.

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7
Q

Which country is currently considered the world’s largest superpower?

A

The United States.

The United States holds significant military, economic, and cultural influence globally.

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8
Q

In the 1700s, which two countries were rival superpowers?

A

France and England.

Both had large armies, strong navies, and controlled vast empires.

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9
Q

What was the primary reason for the conflicts between France and England?

A

Desire for more territories and resources

Both countries sought to expand their influence and control.

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10
Q

During which years were France and England almost always at war?

A

1690 to 1763

This period marked significant military engagements between the two powers.

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11
Q

What major conflict is focused on in this chapter?

A

The Seven Years War

This war was pivotal for control over New France.

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12
Q

What will be explored in the chapter regarding the Seven Years War?

A

Causes and effects of the war on different groups

The chapter examines how the war impacted various populations in North America.

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13
Q

What long-term impact did the Seven Years War have?

A

Helped to shape the country we live in today

The outcomes of the war influenced future territorial and political developments.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The conflicts between France and England were largely about _______.

A

territories and resources

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15
Q

True or False: The Seven Years War was fought solely in Europe.

A

False

The conflict extended to territories in North America, notably New France.

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16
Q

What year did the Seven Years War break out?

A

1756

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17
Q

In addition to Europe, where did France and England fight during the Seven Years War?

A

India, the Caribbean, and Africa

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18
Q

What were France and England determined to protect or expand?

A

Colonies and resources

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19
Q

What was the heart of New France?

A

The colony along the St. Lawrence River

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20
Q

By 1750, how many French colonists lived in New France?

A

About 50,000

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21
Q

What did the French colonists begin to see themselves as?

A

Canadiens

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22
Q

True or False: New France felt insecure about its protection from England.

A

False

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23
Q

What geographical regions did France claim in North America?

A

Ile Saint-Jean, Cape Breton, and Louisiana

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Acadia belonged to the British, but it was populated by _______ people.

A

French-speaking

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25
Q

What were the two main fortresses that protected New France?

A

Quebec and Louisbourg

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26
Q

What was a significant factor in the French perspective regarding their security?

A

Support from the home country and fortifications

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27
Q

What was a major question addressed in the section regarding the conflict in North America?

A

What were the specific causes of tensions in North America?

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28
Q

What year did the Seven Years War break out?

A

1756

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29
Q

What was the heart of New France?

A

The colony along the St. Lawrence River

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30
Q

By 1750, how many French colonists lived in New France?

A

About 50,000

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31
Q

True or False: New France felt insecure about its protection from England.

A

False

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32
Q

What were the two main fortresses that protected New France?

A

Quebec and Louisbourg

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33
Q

What was a significant factor in the French perspective regarding their security?

A

Support from the home country and fortifications

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34
Q

What was a major question addressed in the section regarding the conflict in North America?

A

What were the specific causes of tensions in North America?

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35
Q

Were the French colonists prepared for war?

A

This is part of the discovery in the content.

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36
Q

What was the primary reason English colonists wanted to move into the interior of North America?

A

They needed more farmland for their growing population and wanted to trade with First Nations.

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37
Q

What geographical feature blocked the English colonists from settling in the Ohio River Valley?

A

The Allegheny Mountains.

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38
Q

What had France done to protect its claim over the Ohio River Valley?

A

France had built forts.

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39
Q

What was at stake in the Atlantic region that concerned the English colonists?

A

Control of the fisheries.

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40
Q

What type of fish was predominantly produced by the Atlantic fisheries?

A

Cod and other fish.

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41
Q

What was the major gateway to the continent that England wanted to control?

A

The St. Lawrence River.

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42
Q

What did the English feel regarding their situation in North America?

A

They felt hemmed in.

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43
Q

Which country had the most powerful navy in the world at the time?

A

England.

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44
Q

True or False: The terms ‘England’ and ‘Britain’ mean the same thing.

A

False.

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45
Q

What does Great Britain consist of?

A

England, Scotland, and Wales.

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46
Q

What country is formed when Northern Ireland is included with Great Britain?

A

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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47
Q

Historically, why is Great Britain often referred to as England?

A

Because England was the largest member of the partnership.

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48
Q

As war approached, what did each side in the conflict assess?

A

Its strengths and weaknesses.

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49
Q

What was the primary reason English colonists wanted to move into the interior of North America?

A

They needed more farmland for their growing population and wanted to trade with First Nations.

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50
Q

What geographical feature blocked the English colonists from settling in the Ohio River Valley?

A

The Allegheny Mountains.

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51
Q

What had France done to protect its claim over the Ohio River Valley?

A

France had built forts.

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52
Q

What was at stake in the Atlantic region that concerned the English colonists?

A

Control of the fisheries.

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53
Q

What type of fish was predominantly produced by the Atlantic fisheries?

A

Cod and other fish.

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54
Q

What was the major gateway to the continent that England wanted to control?

A

The St. Lawrence River.

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55
Q

What did the English feel regarding their situation in North America?

A

They felt hemmed in.

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56
Q

Which country had the most powerful navy in the world at the time?

A

England.

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57
Q

True or False: The terms ‘England’ and ‘Britain’ mean the same thing.

A

False.

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58
Q

What does Great Britain consist of?

A

England, Scotland, and Wales.

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59
Q

What country is formed when Northern Ireland is included with Great Britain?

A

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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60
Q

Historically, why is Great Britain often referred to as England?

A

Because England was the largest member of the partnership.

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61
Q

As war approached, what did each side in the conflict assess?

A

Its strengths and weaknesses.

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62
Q

Where did the war for North America begin?

A

Ohio River Valley

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63
Q

Who led the British force into the Ohio River Valley in 1754?

A

General George Washington

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64
Q

What significant role did George Washington later achieve?

A

First president of the United States

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65
Q

What was the outcome of Washington’s initial military engagement in the Ohio River Valley?

A

He suffered defeat

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66
Q

What did the British attempt the next year after Washington’s defeat?

A

Sent a much bigger force

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67
Q

What was the result of the British’s larger force’s attempt?

A

The same defeat

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68
Q

Who successfully adopted battle tactics from their First Nations allies?

A

The French

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69
Q

What was the status of New France during this time?

A

Secure

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70
Q

What was the British determination regarding the French in North America?

A

To drive the French out

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71
Q

Who was the British prime minister during this conflict?

A

William Pitt

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72
Q

What did William Pitt promise to do in order to support the war effort?

A

Send more soldiers, more ships, and more money

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73
Q

Who were the Acadians?

A

The descendants of the French colonists who farmed the shores of the Bay of Fundy in the 1600s.

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74
Q

What happened to Acadia in the seventeenth century?

A

It changed hands many times between the English and French.

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75
Q

What was the status of Acadia by 1710?

A

Most of Acadia was firmly under British control.

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76
Q

What name did Britain give to Acadia?

A

Nova Scotia.

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77
Q

What unique identity did the Acadians develop?

A

They developed a unique identity because they were cut off from the rest of New France.

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78
Q

What was the Acadian Way of Life based on?

A

Fishing and their unique methods of farming.

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79
Q

What was the population of Acadians by 1750?

A

More than 10,000 Acadians.

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80
Q

What was the religious affiliation of the Acadians?

A

Mainly French-speaking Catholics.

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81
Q

True or False: The Acadians were victims of a war they did not want.

A

True.

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82
Q

Fill in the blank: An Acadian is a _______ citizen of Acadia.

A

Francophone

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83
Q

What was the relationship between Acadians and the Mi’kmaq?

A

Many Acadians had intermarried with their Mi’kmaq trading partners.

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84
Q

What was Britain’s intention regarding Nova Scotia?

A

To populate it with people who spoke English

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85
Q

Who was the governor of Nova Scotia in 1755?

A

Charles Lawrence

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86
Q

What concern did Governor Charles Lawrence have about the Acadians?

A

That they might side with the French

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87
Q

Which two groups had trade and family ties with the Acadians?

A

Mikmaq and Maliseet

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88
Q

What was the historical action taken by the Mikmaq and Maliseet against the English?

A

They had captured hundreds of English ships

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89
Q

What did the Acadians refuse to do regarding the British Crown?

A

Swear loyalty

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90
Q

What ultimatum did Charles Lawrence give to the Acadians in 1755?

A

Swear your loyalty or lose your land

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91
Q

What did the Acadians desire in terms of their political stance?

A

To remain neutral

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92
Q

Fill in the blank: The Acadians did not want to fight; they wanted to remain _______.

A

neutral

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93
Q

What significant event was set in motion by the Acadians’ refusal to take the oath?

A

The Grand Dérangement

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94
Q

What was Britain’s intention regarding Nova Scotia?

A

To populate it with people who spoke English

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95
Q

Who was the governor of Nova Scotia in 1755?

A

Charles Lawrence

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96
Q

What concern did Governor Charles Lawrence have about the Acadians?

A

That they might side with the French

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97
Q

Which two groups had trade and family ties with the Acadians?

A

Mikmaq and Maliseet

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98
Q

What was the historical action taken by the Mikmaq and Maliseet against the English?

A

They had captured hundreds of English ships

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99
Q

What did the Acadians refuse to do regarding the British Crown?

A

Swear loyalty

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100
Q

What ultimatum did Charles Lawrence give to the Acadians in 1755?

A

Swear your loyalty or lose your land

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101
Q

What did the Acadians desire in terms of their political stance?

A

To remain neutral

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102
Q

Fill in the blank: The Acadians did not want to fight; they wanted to remain _______.

A

neutral

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103
Q

What significant event was set in motion by the Acadians’ refusal to take the oath?

A

The Grand Dérangement

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104
Q

Which First Nations successfully fought the English in North America?

A

French, Canadian Mohawks, Ojibwa, and other First Nations

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105
Q

What two centers of power did England need to gain control of to win New France?

A

Louisbourg and Québec

106
Q

What was the significance of capturing Louisbourg?

A

It guarded the St. Lawrence River leading to the Québec colony

107
Q

In what year did the British collect a huge force at Halifax to capture Louisbourg?

A

1758

108
Q

What strategy did the British use to capture Louisbourg?

A

They blockaded the harbour and laid siege to the fortress

109
Q

How long did the bombardment of Louisbourg last before the French surrendered?

A

Seven weeks

110
Q

What was the outcome of the siege of Louisbourg?

A

The French surrendered

111
Q

Who led the British fleet up the St. Lawrence River in 1759?

A

Major-General James Wolfe

112
Q

How many soldiers and sailors were in Wolfe’s fleet?

A

9000 soldiers and 18,000 sailors

113
Q

What was the French commander’s name during the battle for Québec?

A

Marquis de Montcalm

114
Q

How many troops did Montcalm have during the battle for Québec?

A

16,000 troops

115
Q

What was a significant concern for Wolfe and his ships during the battle for Québec?

A

If Montcalm could hold out until winter, Wolfe would have to retreat

116
Q

Fill in the blank: The route to Canada was opened after the capture of _______.

A

Louisbourg

117
Q

True or False: The battle for Québec unfolded over three months.

A

True

118
Q

What was Wolfe’s main challenge before the Battle?

A

Wolfe faced the challenge of being unable to surround Quebec due to the geography and limited time before winter.

119
Q

What was Wolfe’s only hope to engage the enemy?

A

To draw the enemy out onto the defense.

120
Q

What did Wolfe believe about the French forces’ safety?

A

He believed they were safe inside the walled fortress.

121
Q

What strategy did Wolfe employ against the countryside?

A

He unleashed a savage attack, destroying villages and setting fire to farmhouses.

122
Q

How did Montcalm respond to Wolfe’s tactics?

A

Montcalm wisely shut himself up inside the fortress, refusing to engage in battle.

123
Q

What sentiment did Wolfe express in his letter to his mother?

A

He noted that his antagonist, Montcalm, had shut himself up so that Wolfe couldn’t get at him.

124
Q

What consequence did the French forces face due to Wolfe’s actions?

A

The French forces would not attack the fortress.

125
Q

Fill in the blank: Wolfe’s attack on the countryside frightened _______ families.

A

habitant

126
Q

What was the significance of winter approaching for the British?

A

It was time for the British to leave or make one last gamble.

127
Q

What did the British soldiers do during the night before the battle?

A

They secretly made their approach.

128
Q

What was built by the British in the nineteenth century at the battle site?

A

The Citadel

129
Q

What did an eyewitness report about Quebec after the battle?

A

Nothing but a shapeless mass of ruins

130
Q

What was the state of the city after the battle?

A

Confusion, disorder, pillage

131
Q

What was a significant consequence of the winter for the inhabitants?

A

Scrambled to find food

132
Q

More British soldiers died from _______ than in battle.

A

disease

133
Q

On what date did the French surrender at Montreal?

A

8 September 1760

134
Q

What happened to New France after the French surrendered?

A

Passed into British hands

135
Q

How long did the Canadiens control the St. Lawrence River Valley?

A

Over 150 years

136
Q

Who were the first newcomers in the territory that would become Canada?

A

The Canadiens

137
Q

What trade did French traders pioneer?

A

The fur trade

138
Q

What challenges did the Canadiens face in their territory?

A

Harsh climate

139
Q

What did the Canadiens accomplish in terms of agriculture?

A

Created successful farms

140
Q

What infrastructure did the Canadiens build?

A

Cleared land, dug wells, built roads

141
Q

Through which institution did the Canadiens begin a tradition of public responsibility?

A

The Catholic Church

142
Q

What values central to contemporary Canadian identity originated from the Canadiens?

A

Public responsibility for education, health, and the disadvantaged

143
Q

What did the Canadiens demonstrate about colonies in difficult lands?

A

A colony could survive

144
Q

By the time the English arrived, what had the Canadiens already laid?

A

The foundations of a successful country

145
Q

What was built by the British in the nineteenth century at the battle site?

A

The Citadel

146
Q

What did an eyewitness report about Quebec after the battle?

A

Nothing but a shapeless mass of ruins

147
Q

What was the state of the city after the battle?

A

Confusion, disorder, pillage

148
Q

What was a significant consequence of the winter for the inhabitants?

A

Scrambled to find food

149
Q

More British soldiers died from _______ than in battle.

A

disease

150
Q

On what date did the French surrender at Montreal?

A

8 September 1760

151
Q

What happened to New France after the French surrendered?

A

Passed into British hands

152
Q

How long did the Canadiens control the St. Lawrence River Valley?

A

Over 150 years

153
Q

Who were the first newcomers in the territory that would become Canada?

A

The Canadiens

154
Q

What trade did French traders pioneer?

A

The fur trade

155
Q

What challenges did the Canadiens face in their territory?

A

Harsh climate

156
Q

What did the Canadiens accomplish in terms of agriculture?

A

Created successful farms

157
Q

What infrastructure did the Canadiens build?

A

Cleared land, dug wells, built roads

158
Q

Through which institution did the Canadiens begin a tradition of public responsibility?

A

The Catholic Church

159
Q

What values central to contemporary Canadian identity originated from the Canadiens?

A

Public responsibility for education, health, and the disadvantaged

160
Q

What did the Canadiens demonstrate about colonies in difficult lands?

A

A colony could survive

161
Q

By the time the English arrived, what had the Canadiens already laid?

A

The foundations of a successful country

162
Q

Which nations were involved in the wars between the French and the English?

A

First Nations, French, English

Most First Nations supported the French, except for some Haudenosaunee who sided with the English.

163
Q

What role did the First Nations play in the wars?

A

Fought independently and alongside allies

They fought against the enemy and helped defend cities, such as 300 Odawa sharpshooters at Québec.

164
Q

What did the First Nations do after the French surrendered?

A

Negotiated neutrality with the English

This negotiation was needed before the English could declare victory.

165
Q

What treaty was signed in 1763, and what did it entail?

A

Treaty of 1763; gave England possession of most of North America

This treaty disappointed the First Nations as they were excluded from the peace process.

166
Q

Why were the First Nations disappointed after the Treaty of 1763?

A

They were not invited to the peace process

Their future and land were at stake due to the treaty.

167
Q

What promise did the French governor make regarding the First Nations?

A

Not to take revenge against First Nations who sided with the French

This promise was made to protect those who allied with France.

168
Q

How did British trading practices differ from French practices?

A

Less generous; did not follow traditional gift exchanges

British traders did not understand the importance of gift exchanges for building trust.

169
Q

What concerns did the First Nations have after the war?

A

English farmers moving into the Ohio River Valley

This migration led First Nations to consider the possibility of war.

170
Q

Fill in the blank: The First Nations primarily supported the _______ during the wars.

A

French

171
Q

True or False: The First Nations were invited to participate in the peace treaty negotiations after the war.

A

False

172
Q

What was the outcome of the Treaty of 1763 for the First Nations?

A

Loss of land and exclusion from negotiations

The treaty led to the expansion of English control over North America.

173
Q

Which nations were involved in the wars between the French and the English?

A

First Nations, French, English

Most First Nations supported the French, except for some Haudenosaunee who sided with the English.

174
Q

What role did the First Nations play in the wars?

A

Fought independently and alongside allies

They fought against the enemy and helped defend cities, such as 300 Odawa sharpshooters at Québec.

175
Q

What did the First Nations do after the French surrendered?

A

Negotiated neutrality with the English

This negotiation was needed before the English could declare victory.

176
Q

What treaty was signed in 1763, and what did it entail?

A

Treaty of 1763; gave England possession of most of North America

This treaty disappointed the First Nations as they were excluded from the peace process.

177
Q

Why were the First Nations disappointed after the Treaty of 1763?

A

They were not invited to the peace process

Their future and land were at stake due to the treaty.

178
Q

What promise did the French governor make regarding the First Nations?

A

Not to take revenge against First Nations who sided with the French

This promise was made to protect those who allied with France.

179
Q

How did British trading practices differ from French practices?

A

Less generous; did not follow traditional gift exchanges

British traders did not understand the importance of gift exchanges for building trust.

180
Q

What concerns did the First Nations have after the war?

A

English farmers moving into the Ohio River Valley

This migration led First Nations to consider the possibility of war.

181
Q

Fill in the blank: The First Nations primarily supported the _______ during the wars.

A

French

182
Q

True or False: The First Nations were invited to participate in the peace treaty negotiations after the war.

A

False

183
Q

What was the outcome of the Treaty of 1763 for the First Nations?

A

Loss of land and exclusion from negotiations

The treaty led to the expansion of English control over North America.

184
Q

Who was Pontiac?

A

Leader of the Odawa who inspired a war against the British

185
Q

What was Pontiac’s goal during the conflict?

A

To drive the British out of the Ohio River Valley

186
Q

In what year did Pontiac lay siege to the British fort at Detroit?

A

May 1763

187
Q

What significant action did Pontiac and the Odawa take in May 1763?

A

Laid siege to the British fort at Detroit

188
Q

What happened to Pontiac’s allies during the conflict?

A

They captured forts along the trading frontier south and west of Lake Erie

189
Q

How many English forts did Pontiac’s allies capture?

A

Seven of ten English forts

190
Q

Why did Pontiac hope for French assistance?

A

Because he and his allies had aided the French in their war with the English

191
Q

What was the outcome of Pontiac’s hope for French support?

A

The French had already surrendered at Montréal

192
Q

What action did the British take against Pontiac’s alliance?

A

Sent in troops to fight the First Nations

193
Q

What happened to the alliance that Pontiac had formed?

A

It fell apart

194
Q

What challenge did the Canadiens, English newcomers, and First Nations and Metis peoples face after the war?

A

How could these new citizens of a single colony live together in peace?

This reflects the need for coexistence among diverse groups in a new political landscape.

195
Q

What was the population and language situation of the new British colony?

A

70,000 people who spoke a different language and practised a different religion.

This highlights the cultural and linguistic diversity present in the colony.

196
Q

What concerns did the English rulers have regarding the First Nations after the war?

A

Many of them had been allies of the French during the war.

This indicates the complexity of alliances and loyalties in the post-war period.

197
Q

What fears did the Canadiens have about their future under British rule?

A

They wondered if they would be allowed to speak French and worship in the Catholic faith.

This reflects concerns about cultural preservation and religious freedom.

198
Q

What did the First Nations want after the war?

A

A return to normal life.

This suggests a desire for stability and peace after the disruptions of war.

199
Q

What were the First Nations concerned about regarding newcomers?

A

They feared that land-hungry newcomers would flood into their territories.

This indicates anxieties over land rights and sovereignty.

200
Q

Fill in the blank: The Canadiens feared the worst after the war because the British had forced the _______ to abandon their homes.

A

Acadians

The Acadian expulsion is a significant historical event affecting perceptions of British rule.

201
Q

What different forms of governance did the Canadiens have compared to the English?

A

Different form of government, followed different laws, and had different ways of doing things.

This highlights the administrative challenges faced by the British in integrating diverse governance systems.

202
Q

What challenge did the Canadiens, English newcomers, and First Nations and Metis peoples face after the war?

A

How could these new citizens of a single colony live together in peace?

This reflects the need for coexistence among diverse groups in a new political landscape.

203
Q

What was the population and language situation of the new British colony?

A

70,000 people who spoke a different language and practised a different religion.

This highlights the cultural and linguistic diversity present in the colony.

204
Q

What concerns did the English rulers have regarding the First Nations after the war?

A

Many of them had been allies of the French during the war.

This indicates the complexity of alliances and loyalties in the post-war period.

205
Q

What fears did the Canadiens have about their future under British rule?

A

They wondered if they would be allowed to speak French and worship in the Catholic faith.

This reflects concerns about cultural preservation and religious freedom.

206
Q

What did the First Nations want after the war?

A

A return to normal life.

This suggests a desire for stability and peace after the disruptions of war.

207
Q

What were the First Nations concerned about regarding newcomers?

A

They feared that land-hungry newcomers would flood into their territories.

This indicates anxieties over land rights and sovereignty.

208
Q

Fill in the blank: The Canadiens feared the worst after the war because the British had forced the _______ to abandon their homes.

A

Acadians

The Acadian expulsion is a significant historical event affecting perceptions of British rule.

209
Q

What different forms of governance did the Canadiens have compared to the English?

A

Different form of government, followed different laws, and had different ways of doing things.

This highlights the administrative challenges faced by the British in integrating diverse governance systems.

210
Q

What event marked the end of fighting over New France?

A

The surrender of Montréal in 1760

This marked the conclusion of major conflicts in North America between England and France.

211
Q

What treaty was signed in 1763 to end the conflict between France and Britain?

A

Treaty of Paris

This treaty formally concluded the Seven Years’ War and delineated territorial changes.

212
Q

What did France give up under the Treaty of Paris in 1763?

A

Any claim to Québec or any other part of North America

France retained only a few small islands off the coast of Newfoundland.

213
Q

What did France receive in exchange for giving up its North American claims?

A

Guadeloupe

Guadeloupe was a valuable sugar-producing island in the Caribbean.

214
Q

Which islands remained in French control after the Treaty of Paris?

A

Saint-Pierre and Miquelon

These islands are located near the coast of Newfoundland.

215
Q

What options did the British have regarding the Canadiens after gaining control of New France?

A
  • Eviction
  • Assimilation
  • Accommodation

These options reflected different approaches to governance and cultural integration.

216
Q

What did the eviction option entail for the Canadiens?

A

Deportation from British North America

This option would involve forcibly removing the Canadiens from their homes.

217
Q

What did assimilation involve for the Canadiens?

A

Pressure to give up their language and religion

This option aimed to integrate Canadiens into British culture.

218
Q

What does accommodation mean in the context of the British options for Canadiens?

A

Leaving the Canadiens alone to live as they always had

This option respects their religion, language, and customs.

219
Q

What additional decisions did the British have to make after the Treaty of Paris?

A
  • Land agreements with First Nations peoples
  • Rewards for American colonists of New England

These decisions were crucial for future relations and governance.

220
Q

What land did New England farmers want after the war?

A

Land in the Ohio River Valley

This area was seen as valuable for agricultural expansion.

221
Q

What did British traders hope to establish in Canada?

A

Businesses

Establishing businesses was part of the broader economic strategy following the war.

222
Q

What event marked the end of fighting over New France?

A

The surrender of Montréal in 1760

This marked the conclusion of major conflicts in North America between England and France.

223
Q

What treaty was signed in 1763 to end the conflict between France and Britain?

A

Treaty of Paris

This treaty formally concluded the Seven Years’ War and delineated territorial changes.

224
Q

What did France give up under the Treaty of Paris in 1763?

A

Any claim to Québec or any other part of North America

France retained only a few small islands off the coast of Newfoundland.

225
Q

What did France receive in exchange for giving up its North American claims?

A

Guadeloupe

Guadeloupe was a valuable sugar-producing island in the Caribbean.

226
Q

Which islands remained in French control after the Treaty of Paris?

A

Saint-Pierre and Miquelon

These islands are located near the coast of Newfoundland.

227
Q

What options did the British have regarding the Canadiens after gaining control of New France?

A
  • Eviction
  • Assimilation
  • Accommodation

These options reflected different approaches to governance and cultural integration.

228
Q

What did the eviction option entail for the Canadiens?

A

Deportation from British North America

This option would involve forcibly removing the Canadiens from their homes.

229
Q

What did assimilation involve for the Canadiens?

A

Pressure to give up their language and religion

This option aimed to integrate Canadiens into British culture.

230
Q

What does accommodation mean in the context of the British options for Canadiens?

A

Leaving the Canadiens alone to live as they always had

This option respects their religion, language, and customs.

231
Q

What additional decisions did the British have to make after the Treaty of Paris?

A
  • Land agreements with First Nations peoples
  • Rewards for American colonists of New England

These decisions were crucial for future relations and governance.

232
Q

What land did New England farmers want after the war?

A

Land in the Ohio River Valley

This area was seen as valuable for agricultural expansion.

233
Q

What did British traders hope to establish in Canada?

A

Businesses

Establishing businesses was part of the broader economic strategy following the war.

234
Q

What was the primary goal of the British regarding the Canadiens according to the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

A

To assimilate them

235
Q

What language and culture did the British aim to diminish among the Canadiens?

A

French language and culture

236
Q

What significant document did King George III sign in October 1763?

A

The Royal Proclamation of 1763

237
Q

What was one of the main objectives of the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

A

To attract Anglophones to Québec

238
Q

What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 prevent?

A

Settlement west of the Appalachians

239
Q

Which group of colonists was forced to move to Quebec due to the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

A

American colonists

240
Q

What impact did Pontiac’s acts of war have on British policy?

A

Made the British pay attention to First Nations’ demands

241
Q

What area of land was set aside for the First Nations in the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

A

All lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River

242
Q

True or False: The Royal Proclamation of 1763 allowed Europeans to live in the lands set aside for First Nations.

A

False

243
Q

Fill in the blank: The Royal Proclamation of 1763 aimed to help First Nations continue their way of life without _______.

A

interference

244
Q

What was the significance of the Ouébec Act, 1774?

A

The Ouébec Act resulted in the survival of the French language in North America and is known as the Magna Carta of Francophones.

The Ouébec Act recognized the rights of Canadiens that had been taken away by the Proclamation.

245
Q

What was the primary reason the British recognized the rights of Canadiens in Québec?

A

To keep the colony loyal and avoid trouble under British rule.

The British aimed to maintain peace in the colony by acknowledging the rights of the French-speaking population.

246
Q

What does bilingualism mean in the context of Canada?

A

Bilingualism means that Canada has two official languages: French and English.

It ensures that Canadian citizens have the right to government services and do business in either language.

247
Q

How is bilingualism central to Canadian identity?

A

Bilingualism recognizes and respects the contributions of both French and English-speaking peoples in Canada.

It is a foundational aspect of Canada’s social fabric and governance.

248
Q

Fill in the blank: The origin of bilingualism in Canada was the _______.

A

Québec Act.

249
Q

True or False: The British did not want any trouble in the Thirteen Colonies.

A

True.

250
Q

What was a key outcome of recognizing Canadiens’ rights by the British?

A

It laid the foundation for peace between French and English-speaking citizens in Canada.

This recognition helped shape Canada as a partnership between these two groups.

251
Q

What was the attitude of the English-speaking newcomers towards the French-speaking population in Ouébec?

A

Only a few hundred English-speaking newcomers were attracted to Ouébec.

This suggests a limited interest in assimilating or integrating with the French-speaking population.

252
Q

What did the British decide to do in 1774 regarding the colony of Québec?

A

They passed a law with new plans for the colony that recognized the rights of Canadiens.

This was part of a strategy to ensure loyalty and stability in the region.

253
Q

What was the significance of the Ouébec Act, 1774?

A

The Ouébec Act resulted in the survival of the French language in North America and is known as the Magna Carta of Francophones.

The Ouébec Act recognized the rights of Canadiens that had been taken away by the Proclamation.

254
Q

What was the primary reason the British recognized the rights of Canadiens in Québec?

A

To keep the colony loyal and avoid trouble under British rule.

The British aimed to maintain peace in the colony by acknowledging the rights of the French-speaking population.

255
Q

What does bilingualism mean in the context of Canada?

A

Bilingualism means that Canada has two official languages: French and English.

It ensures that Canadian citizens have the right to government services and do business in either language.

256
Q

How is bilingualism central to Canadian identity?

A

Bilingualism recognizes and respects the contributions of both French and English-speaking peoples in Canada.

It is a foundational aspect of Canada’s social fabric and governance.

257
Q

Fill in the blank: The origin of bilingualism in Canada was the _______.

A

Québec Act.

258
Q

True or False: The British did not want any trouble in the Thirteen Colonies.

A

True.

259
Q

What was a key outcome of recognizing Canadiens’ rights by the British?

A

It laid the foundation for peace between French and English-speaking citizens in Canada.

This recognition helped shape Canada as a partnership between these two groups.

260
Q

What was the attitude of the English-speaking newcomers towards the French-speaking population in Ouébec?

A

Only a few hundred English-speaking newcomers were attracted to Ouébec.

This suggests a limited interest in assimilating or integrating with the French-speaking population.

261
Q

What did the British decide to do in 1774 regarding the colony of Québec?

A

They passed a law with new plans for the colony that recognized the rights of Canadiens.

This was part of a strategy to ensure loyalty and stability in the region.

1. Social 7 (26 decks)

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