6.2 Flashcards
Briefly describe how nature and nurture influence social development.
Answers will vary. Example: The temperament of a child is often determined by genetic factors which can impact their emotional responses to situations (nature). How a child views/interacts with the world around them can depend on their parents and their parenting style (nurture)
Albert Bandura
Conducted the Bobo doll experiment and researched the impact of observational learning on children
Diana Baumrind
Sought to understand how different parenting styles impact a child’s development. (Identified four different parenting styles)
Kondrad Lorenz
Expanded our understanding of how children and animals develop an attachment. Researched imprinting with ducklings
Harry Harlow
Sought to better understand how emotional connections are made. Conducted an experiment with monkeys to look at the connection between a baby monkey and a caring mother and a mother who only provides nourishment
Mary Ainsworth
Conducted the strange situation test, where children were put in an unfamiliar environment to see how they would react with and without their mother. (Identified three different types of attachments)
Sigmund Freud
Studied the unconscious mind and identified four psychosexual stages that an individual goes through in childhood
Explain how a child with a secure attachment acted in Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation test.
When the mother left the child would become stressed and sad, but when the mother returned they would be comforted and return to a happy state
Explain the difference between a child with a resistant attachment and a child with an avoidant attachment in the same test identified in question 3
A child with a resistant attachment becomes stressed and sad when the mother leaves and resists the mother when she returns. The mother is not able to calm the child and is visibly upset. A child with an avoidant attachment will show little to no stress and sadness when the mother leaves and show little to no interest in the mother when she returns
Authoritarian
Parents set strict rules and expect their children to follow every rule without explaining their reasoning. Children can’t ask questions
Permissive
Parents are loose with the rules and do not demand much from their children. Little to no limits are set for children
Negligent
Parents are completely uninvolved in their children’s lives. (Do not play an active role in the child’s life
Authoritative
Parents set expectations for children and do enforce rules, but encourage discussion and dialogue. (Will explain the reason for rules.)
Oral
Description: Individuals focuses on oral stimulation
Timeframe: Birth-18 months
Anal
Description: Individuals focuses on being able to control their bowel movements
Timeframe: 18-36 months
